Every claim in the map classified as definition, in report order.
Targeted workplace violence is a premeditated act of violence at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
A premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
An individual is known or knowable when their identity, affiliation, or behavior patterns are already recognized or can reasonably be identified through frequent or substantive contact with the workplace. Common examples are current or former employees, regular or notable customers, clients, patients, or visitors, and current or former romantic partners or relatives of individuals connected to the organization.
An individual is known or knowable when their identity, affiliation, or patterns of behavior are either already recognized (i.e., known) or can reasonably be identified (i.e., knowable) based upon their frequent or substantive contact with the workplace.
Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) is a behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence by identifying concerning individuals, assessing risk, and applying interventions.
A behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence.
An individual of concern is anyone who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
Any individual who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
Concerning behavior is action or communication that is objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicates a potential risk of violence.
Actions or communications by an individual that are objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicate a potential risk of violence.
The systems approach gathers information from various community systems to provide a comprehensive and reliable assessment of an individual's thinking and behavior.
A process of gathering information from various community systems in order to provide a comprehensive and reliable assessment of an individual's thinking and behavior.
Assessment themes are areas of inquiry that give a contextual understanding of an individual's mindset, behavior, and circumstances, allowing a BTAM team to judge whether the individual poses a risk of violence.
Areas of inquiry that, when explored, will provide a contextual understanding of an individual's mindset, behavior, and circumstances
Risk management is the strategies and efforts a BTAM team pursues to make a violent outcome less likely, and it should always be driven by the results of the behavioral threat assessment.
The strategies and efforts pursued by a BTAM team with the goal of making a violent outcome less likely.
Common types of individuals known or knowable to a workplace include current or former employees; regular or notable customers, clients, patients, or visitors; and current or former romantic partners or relatives of individuals connected to the organization.
Common types of individuals that are known or knowable to a workplace include current or former employees; regular or notable customers, clients, patients, or visitors; and the current or former romantic partners or relatives of individuals connected to the organization.
The U.S. Secret Service behavioral threat assessment model was developed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess whether an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk with appropriate interventions.
The U.S. Secret Service behavioral threat assessment model was developed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess if an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk by implementing appropriate interventions.
Targeted workplace violence is a premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
Targeted workplace violence can be defined as a premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
A definition box defines targeted workplace violence as a premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
A premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
An individual is known or knowable when their identity, affiliation, or patterns of behavior are already recognized or can reasonably be identified through frequent or substantive contact with the workplace.
An individual is known or knowable when their identity, affiliation, or patterns of behavior are either already recognized (i.e., known) or can reasonably be identified (i.e., knowable) based upon their frequent or substantive contact with the workplace.
Common types of individuals known or knowable to a workplace include current or former employees; regular or notable customers, clients, patients, or visitors; and current or former romantic partners or relatives of individuals connected to the organization.
Common types of individuals that are known or knowable to a workplace include:
The Known or Knowable definition box lists current or former employees; regular or notable customers, clients, patients, or visitors; and current or former romantic partners or relatives of individuals connected to the organization as common types.
Common types of individuals that are known or knowable to a workplace include current or former employees; regular or notable customers, clients, patients, or visitors; and the current or former romantic partners or relatives of individuals connected to the organization.
Behavioral conduct refers to actions taken by employees in the workplace, including how they interact with colleagues and whether they adhere to an organization's standards for behavior.
Behavioral conduct refers to actions taken by employees in the workplace, including how they interact with colleagues and others at work, and whether they adhere to an organization's policies or standards for behavior.
Toxic conduct shows persistent patterns of callous, reckless, paranoid, confrontational, aggressive, and/or threatening behaviors toward others.
persistent patterns of callous, reckless, paranoid, confrontational, aggressive, and/or threatening behaviors toward others
Delusions are false, idiosyncratic beliefs that are maintained despite evidence to the contrary.
which are false, idiosyncratic beliefs that are firmly maintained despite evidence to the contrary
Hallucinations are sensory perceptions that seem real but occur without any external stimulation.
sensory perceptions that seem real but occur without any external stimulation
Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) is a behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence.
Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) is a behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
In the context of preventing workplace violence, an individual of concern is any individual who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
an individual of concern is any individual who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
An individual eliciting concern can be a current or former employee, a customer, client, patient, or visitor, or a current or former romantic partner or relative of someone connected to the workplace.
An individual eliciting concern can be: a current or former employee; a customer, client, patient, and visitor; or a current or former romantic partner or relative of an individual connected to the workplace.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The Secret Service model is designed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess whether an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk by implementing appropriate interventions.
the Secret Service model is designed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess if an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk by implementing appropriate interventions.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Figure 4 depicts the U.S. Secret Service Threat Assessment Model as three sequential steps: Identify, Assess, and Manage.
IDENTIFY → ASSESS → MANAGE
Why inferred figure description: the three step labels are printed in the Figure 4 graphic; the arrow sequence is read from the figure, not from running text
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Workplace violence encompasses targeted workplace violence as well as other forms of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening behavior.
Workplace violence, which encompasses targeted workplace violence as well as other forms of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening behavior
In a central team structure, one BTAM team assesses and manages all incoming reports in an organization; for example, an organization with a modest volume of reports has one team stationed at headquarters.
CENTRAL TEAM | One BTAM team assesses and manages all incoming reports in an organization. | An organization with a modest volume of incoming reports has one BTAM team stationed in the organization's headquarters.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
In a local teams structure, multiple decentralized teams each assess and manage incoming reports from local facilities; for example, local BTAM teams across several geographic regions respond to reports at numerous facilities in their area.
LOCAL TEAMS | Multiple decentralized teams each assess and manage incoming reports from local facilities. | An organization has local BTAM teams across several geographic regions to respond to reports at numerous facilities in their area of responsibility.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
In a regional teams with support structure, multiple regional teams assess and manage reports while a centralized team consults and supports on difficult cases; for example, a large organization with a high report volume uses regional teams with coordination and assistance from a headquarters BTAM team.
REGIONAL TEAMS WITH SUPPORT | Multiple regional teams assess and manage incoming reports while a centralized team consults and supports with difficult cases. | A large organization with a high volume of reports uses regional teams, each serving several facilities in their region, with coordination and assistance available from a centralized BTAM team at the organization's headquarters.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
Ad hoc participants do not regularly attend BTAM team meetings but can coordinate with the team, share and receive information, and provide ancillary support when appropriate.
Ad hoc participants do not regularly attend BTAM team meetings
Concerning behavior is an action or communication by an individual that is objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicates a potential risk of violence.
Actions or communications by an individual that are objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicate a potential risk of violence.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
IPV is abuse or aggression in a romantic relationship, including current and former spouses and dating partners, and can include physical, psychological, or sexual violence and stalking.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse or aggression that occurs in the context of a romantic relationship
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
The frequency and severity of IPV vary, from a single episode to chronic and severe violence spanning multiple years. (endnote 8)
The frequency and severity of IPV varies, ranging from a single episode of violence to chronic and severe instances of violence spanning multiple years.
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Intimate partner violence can include physical violence, psychological aggression, sexual violence, stalking, and other behaviors.
IPV can include physical violence, psychological aggression, sexual violence, stalking, and other behaviors.
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Following initial triage of any actionable report of concerning behavior, a preliminary inquiry serves as the minimum level of response.
a preliminary inquiry serves as the minimum level of response
The Systems Approach is a process of gathering information from various community systems to provide a comprehensive and reliable assessment of an individual's thinking and behavior.
A process of gathering information from various community systems in order to provide a comprehensive and reliable assessment of an individual's thinking and behavior
Preliminary inquiries are limited in scope and designed to quickly gather enough information to understand the concern and the context needed to decide next steps.
Preliminary inquiries are limited in scope and designed to quickly gather enough information to establish an understanding of the concern and the context needed to determine next steps.
Systems in a workplace can be internal components, such as security or human resources departments, or external community partners, such as law enforcement and mental health providers.
Systems in a workplace can be internal components, such as security or human resources departments, or external community partners, such as law enforcement and mental health providers.
The report defines internal systems as systems within the organization itself.
Internal systems are systems within the organization itself.
Insider threat programs are designed to detect risks from trusted insiders, such as employees or contractors, who may intentionally or unintentionally cause harm.
Insider threat programs are designed to detect risks from trusted insiders, such as employees or contractors, who may intentionally or unintentionally cause harm
Insider threat programs typically focus on areas such as unauthorized access to sensitive data, sabotage, fraud, and misuse of systems, whereas BTAM programs focus on violence against individuals in the workplace.
BTAM programs focus on violence against individuals in the workplace
External systems are systems outside of the workplace that may be of particular importance when assessing individuals not directly affiliated with the organization, such as customers or visitors.
External systems are systems outside of the workplace
Assessment Themes are areas of inquiry that, when explored, provide a contextual understanding of an individual's mindset, behavior, and circumstances that will allow a BTAM team to assess if the individual poses a risk of violence.
Areas of inquiry that, when explored, will provide a contextual understanding of an individual's mindset, behavior, and circumstances
Assessment Themes characterize common patterns of thinking and behavior found in the background and behavioral history of individuals who have engaged in past acts of targeted violence.
Assessment Themes characterize common patterns of thinking and behavior found in the background and behavioral history of individuals who have engaged in past acts of targeted violence.
Stressors are significant setbacks, losses, and other life challenges that may be acute or chronic, across family, social, work, health, and legal domains.
Significant setbacks, losses, and other life challenges that may be acute
Home life refers to family dynamics or home environments that negatively impact an individual, including discord, abuse, drug use, criminality, and domestic violence.
Family dynamics or home environments that negatively impact an individual, including family discord, abuse, drug use, criminality, domestic violence
Mental health history covers current or previous symptoms that negatively impact the individual, particularly when untreated, such as paranoia, delusions, depression, and suicidality.
Current or previous history of mental health symptoms that negatively impact the individual, particularly when left untreated
Criminal history is a history of criminal behavior identified in formal records, including arrests, convictions, and other legal actions.
A history of criminal behavior identified in formal records, including arrests, convictions, and other legal actions
Interpersonal difficulties are a pattern of strained or conflicted relationships with family, partners, friends, coworkers, neighbors, or community members.
A pattern of strained or conflicted relationships with family members, romantic partners, friends, coworkers, classmates, neighbors, or other members of the community
Lack of consequences is a pattern of criminal or inappropriate behavior for which consequences were absent or not commensurate with the behavior.
A pattern of engaging in criminal or inappropriate behavior for which the consequences were either absent or not commensurate with the behavior
Stressors can be experienced across several life domains, including family/romantic relationships, social interactions, work or school environments, personal health, legal actions, and other identified areas. Specific examples include being bullied or harassed by others, financial instability, job loss, divorce or child custody issues, and failed life aspirations.
Specific examples include being bullied or harassed by others, financial instability, job loss, divorce or child custody issues, and failed life aspirations.
Mental health history may or may not include prior formal diagnoses, hospitalizations, and treatment (e.g., prescription medication).
Mental health history may or may not include prior formal diagnoses, hospitalizations, and treatment (e.g., prescription medication).
Contextual themes represent significant elements of an individual's personal circumstances and surroundings that may impact their thinking and behavior.
Contextual themes represent significant elements of an individual’s personal circumstances and surroundings that may impact their thinking and behavior.
Positive home life factors may include supportive families, healthy relationships, and other dynamics that could support intervention strategies to mitigate risk.
positive home life factors may include supportive families, healthy relationships, and other dynamics that could support intervention strategies to mitigate risk
Criminal history may also include other criminal behavior and contacts with law enforcement and the courts that have not resulted in official legal actions.
Criminal history may also include other criminal behavior and contacts with law enforcement and the courts that have not resulted in official legal actions.
Interpersonal difficulties may include an inability to form or sustain positive relationships with others due to the individual's inappropriate or concerning behaviors.
Interpersonal difficulties may include an inability to form or sustain positive relationships with others due to the individual’s inappropriate or concerning behaviors.
Concerning or threatening communications are violent, threatening, or disturbing communications conveyed verbally, in writing, electronically, online, or by other means.
Any violent, threatening, or disturbing communications which may be conveyed verbally
Interest in violent topics is an unusual or excessive interest in weapons, violence, gore, prior attacks, notorious killers, or other concerning topics.
An unusual or excessive interest in weapons, violence, gore, prior attacks, notorious killers, or other concerning topics
History of violence is prior physical violence against people, animals, or property, including assaults, domestic violence, animal cruelty, and arson.
Prior acts of physical violence against people, animals, or property
Stalking, harassing, or bullying is a pattern of conduct that willfully and maliciously causes another to feel bullied, stalked, persecuted, threatened, or injured.
A pattern of conduct that willfully and maliciously causes another to feel bullied, stalked, persecuted, threatened, injured, or attacked
Extreme beliefs are ideological, political, or conspiratorial beliefs that advocate hate or violence, form the basis of a worldview, or significantly influence daily life.
Extreme ideological, political, or conspiratorial beliefs that advocate hate or violence
Fascination with weapons and violence can be demonstrated through stockpiling or manufacturing weapons, being described as obsessed with weapons, consuming or producing violent or graphic media, and writing stories or lyrics indicating a desire to harm others.
Fascination with weapons and violence can be demonstrated in a variety of ways, including stockpiling or manufacturing weapons
Extreme beliefs may be based on distortion of facts (e.g., conspiracy theories) or may advocate distrust, hatred, or the use of violence targeting others based on biases against a particular race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity.
Extreme beliefs may be based on distortion of facts (e.g., conspiracy theories) or may advocate distrust, hatred, or the use of violence targeting others based on biases against a particular race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity.
The content of concerning communications may reveal information on threats, grievances, violent intention, feelings of hopelessness/suicidality, obsessions, paranoid thinking, or a fascination with violence or weapons.
The content of the concerning communications may reveal information on threats, grievances, violent intention, feelings of hopelessness/suicidality, obsessions, paranoid thinking, or a fascination with violence or weapons.
The victim of stalking, harassing, or bullying may or may not have a pre-existing relationship with the individual of concern: victims with one include romantic partners, family members, coworkers, classmates, doctors, attorneys, or neighbors; those without may include elected officials, government employees, or celebrities.
The victim of this behavior may or may not have a pre-existing relationship with the individual of concern.
Fixations are intense or obsessive preoccupations with a person, event, activity, or belief, to the point where they negatively impact aspects of life.
Intense or obsessive preoccupations with a person, event, activity, or belief, to the point where they negatively impact aspects of an individual's life
Behavior changes are notable shifts in mental, social, occupational, physical, or interpersonal functioning that others can observe.
Changes in behavior observable to others, including notable shifts in mental, social, occupational, physical, or interpersonal functioning
Desperation or despair is feeling hopeless, despondent, desperate, or out of options.
Feeling hopeless, despondent, desperate, or out of options
Intense anger or aggression is a pattern of intense or escalating anger or aggression observed through behavior, communication, or reported feelings.
A pattern of intense or escalating anger or aggression
Inconsistency is evidence of unusual differences in an individual's communications and behaviors across work, home, school, social, or romantic contexts.
Evidence of unusual inconsistencies in an individual's communications and behaviors
Planning and final acts are specific steps taken to prepare to carry out an act of violence, such as researching, visiting, or following targets.
Specific steps taken to prepare to carry out an act of violence
Behavior changes may be evidenced through changes in mood, appearance, or hygiene; withdrawing or isolating from others; new or increased substance use; sudden aggressive, violent, or threatening behavior; changes in work or school attendance or performance; signs of depression or paranoia; or other uncharacteristic actions.
changes in mood, appearance, or hygiene; withdrawing or isolating from others; new or increased substance use; sudden aggressive, violent, or threatening behavior; changes in work or school attendance or performance; signs of depression or paranoia
Intense anger or aggression may be marked by impulsive angry outbursts, significant overreaction to circumstances or events, or frequent episodes of verbal or physical aggression directed at others.
impulsive angry outbursts, significant overreaction to circumstances or events, or frequent episodes of verbal or physical aggression directed at others
Planning includes researching, visiting, or following potential targets; researching, manufacturing, acquiring, or practicing with weapons; documenting preparations for an attack through hit lists, to-do lists, maps, or manifestos; researching prior attacks and tactics; developing attack plans; researching logistical concerns; or using deceptive practices to hide activities.
Specific steps taken to prepare to carry out an act of violence, including researching, visiting, or following potential targets
Final acts may include drafting a last will and testament, making financial arrangements for family members, leaving farewell messages or notes, posting goodbye messages online, and selling or giving away personal possessions.
These acts may include drafting a last will and testament, making financial arrangements for family members, leaving farewell messages or notes, posting goodbye messages online, and selling or giving away personal possessions.
Summative themes represent key questions that must be answered as part of an overall assessment.
Summative themes represent key questions that must be answered as part of an overall assessment
Elicited concern in others means the individual's behaviors or communications caused fear, alarm, worry, or distress in those who observed them.
The individual's behaviors or communications have caused fear, alarm, worry, or distress in those who observed them
Motive is the reason the individual engaged in the behavior that elicited concern or brought them to the attention of the BTAM team.
The reason(s) why the individual engaged in the behavior that elicited concern or brought them to the attention of the BTAM team
Motives may be multifaceted and include retaliating for grievances or perceived wrongs (e.g., bullying, failed romantic relationships, workplace issues); furthering ideological, bias-related, or political beliefs; acting in response to psychotic symptoms; having a desire to kill; achieving fame or notoriety; and committing suicide-by-cop.
Motives may be multifaceted and include retaliating for grievances or perceived wrongs
Access to weapons is the current or future ability to access weapons that could be used to cause harm, including firearms, bladed weapons, explosives, chemicals, and poisons.
Current or future ability to access weapons that could be used to cause harm
Family members, friends, coworkers, neighbors, law enforcement, mental health professionals, and others may have been concerned about an individual's demeanor, mental well-being, or threatening communications.
Family members, friends, coworkers, neighbors, law enforcement, mental health professionals, and others may have been concerned about an individual's demeanor
Motive also includes assessing the reasons that may drive an individual to carry out an act of violence.
Motive also includes assessing the reasons that may drive an individual to carry out an act of violence.
During the planning phase, the BTAM team develops a case management plan for the individual of concern.
During this phase, the BTAM team develops a case management plan for the individual of concern.
Closure occurs when the BTAM team determines that an individual of concern no longer poses a risk of harm to themselves or others.
Closure occurs when the BTAM team determines that an individual of concern no longer poses a risk of harm to themselves or others.
Why inferred Defines the closure phase in running text rather than in a Key Terms section; classified as a definition by judgement.
Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) are civil court orders used to temporarily restrict a person's access or ability to purchase firearms if they pose a risk of harm to themselves or others.
ERPOs are civil court orders used to temporarily restrict a person's access or ability to purchase firearms if the person poses a risk of harm to themselves or others.
Organizational climate reflects how people perceive and describe their working environment, including employees' attitudes, feelings, and recurring patterns of behavior.
Organizational climate reflects how people perceive and describe their working environment, including employees' attitudes, feelings, and recurring patterns of behavior.
cite page 86 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
In Data Table 2, history of domestic violence indicates at least one incident of domestic violence, which may or may not have resulted in an arrest or criminal charge.
*Indicates at least one incident of domestic violence which may or may not have resulted in an arrest or criminal charge.
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