The one non-grievance attacker appeared driven by psychotic symptoms
The lone employee attacker without a grievance appeared to be motivated solely by psychotic symptoms.
appeared to be motivated solely by psychotic symptoms
NCIER®
Conjecture claims
Every claim in the map classified as conjecture, in report order.
Claims
Most-motivated attacker appeared to combine psychosis, grievance, and fame-seeking
The attacker with the most motivations appeared to be motivated by psychotic symptoms, a workplace grievance, a desire to kill, and a desire for fame or notoriety.
appeared to be motivated by psychotic symptoms, a workplace grievance, a desire to kill, and a desire for fame or notoriety
Attacker may have faced financial difficulty supporting his ill mother after firing
The attacker may have experienced financial difficulties after his termination while supporting his ill mother living abroad.
The attacker may have experienced financial difficulties in the months following his termination
Victims were staff possibly tied to his PTSD treatment; one expelled him two weeks earlier
All three victims were treatment center employees who may have had a direct connection to his prior PTSD treatment, including one who had expelled him from the program two weeks earlier because he had knives and threatened to kill staff.
All three victims were employees at the treatment center and may have had a direct connection to the attacker's prior PTSD treatment, including one victim who had expelled him from the program two weeks earlier because the attacker had knives and threatened to kill staff.
Indirect benefits may include morale and a stronger climate and reputation
Indirect benefits can include improvements to employee morale and a more positive organizational climate and reputation (endnote 3: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Insider Threat Mitigation Guide, 2020).
indirect benefits, which can include improvements to employee morale and a more positive organizational climate and reputation
Leader commitment may help all employees understand and collaborate on BTAM
Commitment from leaders may also ensure that all employees understand the importance of BTAM and collaborate during the BTAM process.
Commitment from leaders may also ensure that all employees of the organization understand the importance of BTAM and collaborate during the BTAM process.
Why inferred Hedged with 'may also ensure'.
New partnerships during a critical time can be challenging to navigate
Navigating complex professional interactions in a new partnership during a critical time can be challenging, which is why partnerships should be built early.
Navigating complex professional interactions in a new partnership during a critical time can be challenging.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can be challenging'; offered as the rationale for early partnership-building.
Violence-prevention conversations can be uncomfortable even for experienced practitioners
Conversations about violence prevention can be uncomfortable and challenging, even for experienced practitioners in the field.
Conversations about violence prevention can be uncomfortable and challenging, even for experienced practitioners in the field.
Why inferred Hedged 'can be' observation about difficulty, not a directive.
Partnerships may face information-sharing challenges and partial data
Some partnerships may experience information-sharing challenges, such as receiving partial or limited information even from a cooperative partner.
Some partnerships may experience challenges related to information sharing.
Why inferred Hedged with 'may'; describes possible rather than documented partnership problems.
Partner agencies' rules may prevent them from freely sharing information
Each agency often has policies, rules, regulations, and laws that may keep it from freely sharing information, which can explain apparent non-responsiveness.
which may preclude them from freely sharing information.
Why inferred Hedged with 'may preclude'; an explanation offered for apparent non-cooperation.
Community partners may appear nonresponsive or uncooperative
At other times, community partners may appear to be nonresponsive or uncooperative.
At other times, community partners may appear to be nonresponsive or uncooperative.
Why inferred Hedged with 'may appear'; describes how partners may seem rather than a verified finding.
Community partnerships are rewarding but agency differences can sometimes pose challenges
While community partnerships can be highly rewarding and beneficial, differences between agencies can sometimes pose challenges.
While these partnerships can be highly rewarding and beneficial, differences between agencies can sometimes pose challenges.
Why inferred Typed conjecture for the hedge 'can sometimes pose challenges'; the first clause is a plain statement.
Partners may share only partial information even when they wish to cooperate
Organizations may receive partial or limited information from a community partner, even when the partnering individual or agency wishes to be cooperative.
For example, organizations may receive partial or limited information from a community partner, even when the partnering individual or agency wishes to be cooperative.
Certain strategies may help overcome barriers and foster cooperation with outside agencies
Certain strategies may be effective in overcoming information-sharing barriers and fostering cooperation with outside agencies.
Certain strategies may be effective in overcoming these barriers and fostering cooperation with outside agencies, such as:
Scenario behaviors may signal factors that could lead to harm
The scenario's behaviors may illustrate individual or environmental factors that, if unaddressed, could raise the possibility of harm to self or others.
may illustrate individual or environmental factors that, if unaddressed, could contribute to an increased possibility of harm to self or others
Why inferred Hedged with 'may illustrate' and 'could contribute', so typed as conjecture.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Some employees may hesitate to report concerns for fear of retaliation
Some employees may be hesitant to report behaviors and communications of concern in the workplace because they fear retaliation.
Some employees may be hesitant to report behaviors and communications of concern in the workplace due to fear of retaliation.
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Escalation from property crimes to crimes against persons may signal risk
A history of violence may reveal an escalation in aggression, such as moving from property crimes to crimes against persons.
A history of violence may reveal signs of an escalation in aggressive behavior, for example, moving from property crimes to crimes against persons
Why inferred Hedged with 'may reveal'; typed as conjecture.
Perceived lack of improvement may lead to seeing violence as the only option
An inability to perceive improvement may lead to extreme distress and the perception that violence is the only option to cope.
may lead to feelings of extreme distress, depression, frustration, and the perception that violence is the only option to cope with their circumstances
Why inferred Hedged with 'may lead to'; typed as conjecture.
Inconsistencies may indicate efforts to conceal violent intentions
When inconsistencies are found, they may indicate efforts to conceal violent intentions or behavior.
these may be indicative of efforts to conceal violent intentions or behavior
Why inferred Hedged with 'may be indicative'; typed as conjecture.
Final acts may be aimed at making a statement or preparing for death
Individuals may also engage in final acts intended to make a statement or to prepare for their inevitable arrest or death.
Individuals may also engage in final acts intended to make a statement or to prepare for their inevitable arrest or death
Why inferred Hedged with 'may also engage'; typed as conjecture about motive.
In some cases the risk management phases may occur in a linear order
In some cases, the four risk management phases may occur in a linear order.
In some cases, these phases may occur in a linear order.
Why inferred Typed conjecture: 'may occur in a linear order' describes a possibility about how the phases unfold, not guidance.
Redirection may lead to positive outcomes for individual and workplace
This creates a situation that can lead to positive outcomes for the individual as well as the workplace.
This creates a situation that can lead to positive outcomes for the individual as well as the workplace.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can lead to'; classified as conjecture.
Uncertainties or challenges may persist after an employee has separated
In some cases, uncertainties or challenges may be experienced even after an employee has separated.
In some cases, uncertainties or challenges may be experienced even after an employee has separated.
Zero-tolerance policies may discourage reporting of concerns
These policies can discourage some people from reporting concerns.
and these policies can discourage some from reporting concerns
Why inferred Hedged with 'can discourage'; classified as conjecture.
Checks may help identify patterns of hostile or violent behavior
When used appropriately, these strategies can be helpful in identifying patterns of hostile, concerning, inappropriate, criminal, or violent behaviors.
When used appropriately, these strategies can be helpful in identifying patterns of hostile, concerning, inappropriate, criminal, or violent behaviors.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can be helpful'; classified as conjecture.
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Unaddressed problems may escalate to disruption or violence
If unaddressed, these problems can escalate, causing further disruption or even violence.
If unaddressed, these problems can escalate, causing further disruption or even violence.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can escalate'; classified as conjecture.
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Bullying and hostile behavior can lead to conflicts, fear, and grievances
Bullying, harassment, and hostile or antagonistic behavior can result in interpersonal conflicts and grievances, a fearful atmosphere, humiliation, and perceptions of a hostile work environment.
Bullying, harassment, and hostile or antagonistic behavior and attitudes can result in interpersonal conflicts and grievances
Why inferred 'can result in' hedged causal claim; typed conjecture
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Employee resources may build coping skills, mental wellness, and connection
These resources can be effective tools to enhance employees' coping skills, mental wellness, and sense of connection to work and colleagues.
These resources can be effective tools to enhance employees' coping skills, mental wellness, and sense of connection to their work, their colleagues, and their organization.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can be effective'; classified as conjecture.
cite page 88 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Educating all employees may promote trust, buy-in and reporting
Educating all employees on the BTAM program can promote trust, buy-in, and the reporting of concerns by staff.
Educating all employees on the BTAM program can promote trust, buy-in, and the reporting of concerns by staff.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can promote'; a possible effect rather than a measured finding.
Training may support a positive workplace climate
Training can also help support a positive workplace climate by fostering a shared understanding of BTAM and how programming supports employee safety through prevention.
Training can also help support a positive workplace climate by fostering a shared understanding of BTAM
Why inferred Hedged with 'can also help'.
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