40 claims on pp. 13–94 (fact 29, statement 1, evidence 10).
A 45-year-old gunman fatally shot four people across three locations after confronting his wife over divorce papers, including her coworkers and divorce attorney. He then held police off in a three-hour standoff and was shot by law enforcement, dying later of his injuries.
A 45-year-old gunman fatally shot four individuals in a shooting spree across three locations.
After fleeing police, the attacker positioned a rifle at his apartment window and fired at responding officers, killing one.
Afterward, the attacker fled from police, drove to his apartment, positioned a rifle at his window, and fired at responding law enforcement, killing one officer.
A three-hour standoff followed, during which the attacker repeatedly called dispatch demanding reform in how assets are divided during divorce.
A three-hour long standoff ensued, and the attacker called dispatch multiple times, demanding reform in how assets are divided during divorce.
The attacker was ultimately shot by law enforcement and later died of his injuries.
The attacker was ultimately shot by law enforcement and later died of his injuries.
Table 3 illustrates how the attacks were resolved, broken down by whether attackers stopped on their own, law enforcement intervened, bystanders intervened, or the attack was otherwise ended.
Table 3 illustrates how attacks were resolved.
In over three-quarters of attacks (n = 38, 76%), attackers stopped causing harm on their own.
Sample (n = 38 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
In over three-quarters of attacks (n = 38, 76%), attackers stopped causing harm on their own
Of the attackers who stopped on their own, 15 were then arrested at or away from the scene.
then were arrested at or away from the scene of the attack (n = 15)
Of the attackers who stopped on their own, 23 died by suicide.
or they died by suicide (n = 23)
Less frequently, attackers were stopped by law enforcement intervention (n = 9).
Less frequently, attackers were stopped by law enforcement intervention (n = 9)
Bystanders intervened and stopped the attacker in 2 attacks (n = 2).
bystanders intervened and stopped the attacker (n = 2)
One attack ended after the attacker's weapon ran out of ammunition.
One attack ended after the attacker's weapon ran out of ammunition.
Attackers died during or shortly after most attacks (n = 30, 60%), either by suicide or by being killed by law enforcement.
Sample (n = 30 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Attackers died during or shortly after most attacks (n = 30, 60%)
Workplace attacks ended with the attacker's suicide at a higher rate (46%) than the non-workplace mass violence incidents (16%) examined in NTAC's 2023 study Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016–2020.
Sample (n = 23 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
attacks ended with the attacker's suicide at higher rates (46%) than in non-workplace related mass violence incidents (16%)
The attacker was chased and subdued by one of the center's clients until law enforcement arrived and arrested him.
The attacker was ultimately chased and subdued by one of the center's clients until law enforcement arrived and arrested the attacker.
Table 3 reports that 15 attackers (30%) stopped on their own and were then arrested at or away from the scene.
Sample (n = 15 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
— Arrested at/away from scene | 15 | 30%
Table 3 reports that 23 attackers (46%) stopped on their own and then died by suicide.
Sample (n = 23 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
— Died by suicide | 23 | 46%
Table 3 reports that law enforcement intervened to end 9 of the attacks (18%).
Sample (n = 9 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Law enforcement intervened, then... | 9 | 18%
Table 3 reports that in 2 attacks (4%) law enforcement intervened and the attacker was then arrested at or away from the scene.
Sample (n = 2 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
— Arrested at/away from scene | 2 | 4%
Table 3 reports that in 7 attacks (14%) law enforcement intervened and the attacker was killed by law enforcement.
Sample (n = 7 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
— Killed by law enforcement | 7 | 14%
Table 3 reports that bystanders intervened to end 2 of the attacks (4%).
Sample (n = 2 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Bystanders intervened, then... | 2 | 4%
Of the 2 bystander-ended attacks in Table 3, 1 (2%) ended with the attacker arrested at or away from the scene and 1 (2%) is listed as Other.
Sample (n = 1 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
— Other | 1 | 2%
Table 3 reports 1 attack (2%) ended because the weapon was rendered inoperable, after which the attacker was arrested at or away from the scene (1, 2%).
Sample (n = 1 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Weapon rendered inoperable, then... | 1 | 2%
The gunman whose spree ended at his workplace was shot and killed by responding law enforcement officers.
The attacker was ultimately shot and killed by responding law enforcement officers.
After the shooting, the former resident physician set himself on fire and shot himself in the chest, ultimately dying of his wounds.
The attacker then set himself on fire and shot himself in the chest before ultimately succumbing to his wounds.
When police arrived, the attacker engaged in a shootout, injuring five officers before dying from gunshot wounds sustained in the exchange.
When police arrived, the attacker engaged in a shootout with them, injuring five officers before dying from gunshot wounds sustained during the exchange.
Employee attacks often culminated in the attacker's death, either by suicide (55%) or by law enforcement response (23%).
Sample (n = 12† of 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
employee attacks often culminated in the attacker's death, either by suicide (55%) or by law enforcement response (23%)
After the shooting, the gunman left the scene and contacted police.
The gunman then departed the scene and contacted police.
On the call, the attacker said he had heard voices since he was a teenager and had been treated for psychosis and schizophrenia.
On this call, the attacker told dispatchers that he had been hearing voices in his head since he was a teenager and that he had been previously treated for psychosis and schizophrenia.
Data Table 1 (Incident Data) reports weapons, location types, motives, total casualties (injured and killed), and resolution for all attacks (n = 50) and for current or former employees (n = 22), customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and romantic partners and relatives (n = 9). The column ns printed are 50 | 22 | 19 | 9.
APPENDICES: DATA TABLE 1
Data Table 1 reports that attackers stopped on their own in 76% of all attacks (n = 50), 77% of attacks by current or former employees (n = 22), 68% by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 88% by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Attackers stopped on their own, then... | 76% | 77% | 68% | 88%
Data Table 1 reports that the attacker stopped on their own and was then arrested at or away from the scene in 30% of all attacks (n = 50), 22% for current or former employees (n = 22), 37% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 35% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Arrested at/away from scene | 30% | 22% | 37% | 35%
Data Table 1 reports that the attacker stopped on their own and then committed suicide in 46% of all attacks (n = 50), 54% for current or former employees (n = 22), 31% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 54% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Committed suicide | 46% | 54% | 31% | 54%
Data Table 1 reports that law enforcement intervened in 18% of all attacks (n = 50), 23% of attacks by current or former employees (n = 22), 15% by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 12% by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Law enforcement intervened, then... | 18% | 23% | 15% | 12%
Data Table 1 reports that law enforcement intervened and the attacker was then arrested at or away from the scene in 4% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% for current or former employees (n = 22), 10% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Arrested at/away from scene | 4% | 0% | 10% | 0%
Data Table 1 reports that law enforcement intervened and killed the attacker in 14% of all attacks (n = 50), 23% for current or former employees (n = 22), 5% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 12% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Killed by law enforcement | 14% | 23% | 5% | 12%
Data Table 1 reports that bystanders intervened in 4% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% of attacks by current or former employees (n = 22), 11% by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Bystanders intervened, then... | 4% | 0% | 11% | 0%
Data Table 1 reports that bystanders intervened and the attacker was then arrested at or away from the scene in 2% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% for current or former employees (n = 22), 6% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Arrested at/away from scene | 2% | 0% | 6% | 0%
Data Table 1 reports that bystanders intervened followed by an other outcome in 2% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% for current or former employees (n = 22), 6% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Other | 2% | 0% | 6% | 0%
Data Table 1 reports that the weapon was rendered inoperable in 2% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% of attacks by current or former employees (n = 22), 5% by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Weapon rendered inoperable, then... | 2% | 0% | 5% | 0%
Data Table 1 reports that the weapon was rendered inoperable and the attacker was then arrested at or away from the scene in 2% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% for current or former employees (n = 22), 5% for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Arrested at/away from scene | 2% | 0% | 5% | 0%
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