40 claims on pp. 3–98 (fact 16, statement 7, evidence 15, conclusion 2).
Workplace violence is a significant and persistent challenge, harming tens of thousands of people and impacting numerous organizations and communities each year.
Workplace violence is a significant and persistent challenge, harming tens of thousands of people and impacting numerous organizations and communities across the nation each year.
Acts of targeted workplace violence are devastating, resulting in trauma, injury, and loss of life.
The consequences of these acts of targeted workplace violence are devastating to our nation, resulting in trauma, injury, and most tragically, loss of life.
Included incidents harmed three or more people, not counting the attacker(s), and occurred in public or semi-public workplaces.
These incidents resulted in harm to three or more people, not including the attacker(s)
Across the 50 attacks examined, 128 people were injured.
128 people were injured
Across the 50 attacks examined, 119 people were killed.
119 were killed
Individuals harmed in these attacks frequently included employees, customers, and visitors of the targeted site.
Individuals harmed during attacks frequently included employees, customers, and visitors of the targeted site.
Table 1 lists the location types impacted by the attacks, with n and percentage for each type (retail/services 14, 28%; restaurants/bars 10, 20%; manufacturing/distribution 10, 20%; healthcare 7, 14%; and others).
Sample (N = 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Table 1: Locations Impacted
Retail and service outlets were the most frequently impacted location type (n = 14, 28%), including grocery stores, hotels, salons, banks, law firms, and technology companies.
Sample (n = 14 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Retail and service outlets were the most frequently impacted location type (n = 14, 28%)
Restaurants and bars were among the commonly impacted location types (n = 10, 20%).
Sample (n = 10 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Restaurants/Bars | 10 | 20%
Manufacturing and distribution sites were among the commonly impacted location types (n = 10, 20%).
Sample (n = 10 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Manufacturing/Distribution | 10 | 20%
Healthcare settings were among the commonly impacted location types (n = 7, 14%).
Sample (n = 7 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Healthcare | 7 | 14%
Moments later, the attacker returned and opened fire, killing two of his wife's coworkers.
Moments later, the attacker returned and opened fire, killing two of the wife's coworkers.
The attacker then drove to a law firm and fatally shot his wife's divorce attorney.
The attacker then drove to a law firm and fatally shot his wife's divorce attorney.
At his estranged wife's classroom, the man fired ten shots from a revolver, killing his wife and one of her students and injuring another student before dying by suicide.
When he arrived at her classroom, the man drew a revolver and fired ten shots into the classroom, killing his wife and one of her students and injuring another student before dying by suicide.
After the meeting shooting, the attacker went to another area of the campus and shot and killed the coworker who had reported his most recent safety violation.
The attacker then proceeded to another area of the workplace campus and shot and killed a coworker who had reported his most recent safety violation.
A 51-year-old man armed with two handguns shot and killed five colleagues at his workplace before fatally shooting himself.
A 51-year-old man armed with two handguns shot and killed five colleagues at his workplace before fatally shooting himself.
A 53-year-old man opened fire with a semiautomatic handgun at a manufacturing facility, killing one and injuring three others before dying by suicide.
A 53-year-old man opened fire with a semiautomatic handgun at a manufacturing facility, killing one and injuring three others before dying by suicide.
The attacker fatally shot the three remaining hostages before dying by suicide.
The three hostages were fatally shot by the attacker before he died by suicide.
In a case example, a 38-year-old man entered a newsroom and opened fire with a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun, killing five people.
A 38-year-old man entered a newsroom and opened fire with a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun, killing five people.
After law enforcement responded, the gunman shot and killed a police chief as the chief exited his vehicle.
After law enforcement responded to the scene, the gunman shot and killed a police chief as the chief exited his vehicle.
The gunman then entered the healthcare facility and fatally shot his ex-girlfriend and her coworker before dying by suicide.
The gunman then entered the healthcare facility and fatally shot his ex-girlfriend and her coworker before dying by suicide.
A BTAM program is a worthy investment for many organizations, offering critical direct benefits such as reduced risk of harm or loss of life.
A BTAM program is a worthy investment for many organizations, offering critical direct benefits, such as the reduced risk of harm or loss of life
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 928 workers lost their lives in intentional homicides between 2023 and 2024.
928 workers tragically lost their lives in intentional homicides between 2023 and 2024.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, during 2023-2024 an additional 77,780 private-sector workers suffered nonfatal injuries from workplace violence that required days away from work, restricted job duties, or transfers.
During that same timeframe, an additional 77,780 workers in the private sector alone suffered nonfatal injuries from workplace violence that required days away from work, restricted job duties, or transfers.
Surviving victims and employers face financial costs including medical bills, lost productivity, worker's compensation and disability claims, and subsequent litigation.
financial costs associated with medical bills, loss of productivity, worker’s compensation and disability claims, and subsequent litigation
The human and financial costs underscore the importance for organizations to take action to reduce the risk of workplace violence.
The human and financial costs underscore the importance for organizations to take action to reduce the risk of workplace violence.
Workplace violence can be devastating to a workforce and the broader community.
can be devastating to a workforce and the broader community
According to the CDC, victims of IPV lose nearly 8 million days of paid work each year in the United States. (endnote 9)
victims of IPV lose nearly 8 million days of paid work each year in the United States
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
According to the CDC, the estimated total cost of IPV, including medical care, mental health services, and lost productivity, exceeds $8.3 billion per year. (endnote 9)
the estimated total cost of IPV—including medical care, mental health services, and lost productivity—exceeds $8.3 billion per year
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A 2025 Security Executive Council and Mercyhurst University report that examined 424 incidents found that physical and cyber incidents targeting executives have doubled since 2024, resulting in record numbers (endnote 14).
physical and cyber incidents targeting executives have doubled since 2024, resulting in record numbers
cite page 58 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A 37-year-old man called an impromptu meeting at his manufacturing workplace, shot five coworkers (three killed), then drove to two more locations and shot a business owner he knew.
On October 18, 2017, a 37-year-old man gathered coworkers around him by calling an impromptu meeting at the manufacturing facility where he worked
After the shooting, the attacker drove to two more locations: a former workplace, where he likely targeted his former boss who was not there, and another location, where he shot and injured a business owner he knew.
including a former workplace where he likely targeted his former boss who was not there, and another location where he shot and injured a business owner he knew
In 2022 there were 24,590 nonfatal injury cases among healthcare and social assistance workers due to workplace violence, a 22.6% increase from 2019, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data.
Sample (no n: a percentage change, not a share of a sample) · not a proportion of a sample
In 2022, there were 24,590 cases of nonfatal injuries among healthcare and social assistance workers due to workplace violence, a 22.6% increase in the number of cases from 2019 data
Data Table 1 reports total casualties (injuries plus deaths) of 247 (4.94 average) for all attacks (n = 50), 125 (5.68 average) for current or former employees (n = 22), 92 (4.84 average) for customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 30 (3.33 average) for romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
**Total Casualties (Injuries + Deaths)** | 247 (4.94 avg) | 125 (5.68 avg) | 92 (4.84 avg) | 30 (3.33 avg)
Data Table 1 reports 128 people injured (2.56 average) in all attacks (n = 50), 63 (2.86 average) by current or former employees (n = 22), 57 (3.00 average) by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 8 (0.89 average) by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Injured | 128 (2.56 avg) | 63 (2.86 avg) | 57 (3.00 avg) | 8 (0.89 avg)
Data Table 1 reports 119 people killed (2.38 average) in all attacks (n = 50), 62 (2.82 average) by current or former employees (n = 22), 35 (1.84 average) by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 22 (2.44 average) by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Killed | 119 (2.38 avg) | 62 (2.82 avg) | 35 (1.84 avg) | 22 (2.44 avg)
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2026). “National census of fatal occupational injuries, 2023–2024.” Department of Labor. www.bls.gov.
National census of fatal occupational injuries, 2023–2024.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2026). “Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2023–2024.” Department of Labor. www.bls.gov.
Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2023–2024.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003, March). Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States. Department of Health and Human Services. www.cdc.gov.
Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the United States.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). "Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2022." Department of Labor. www.bls.gov.
Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2022.
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