Statement claims

The FBI remains dedicated to supporting law enforcement partners and advancing active shooter prevention and response efforts through data-driven trainings, education, and targeted outreach programs.

This report was authored by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), with contributions from the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) Center at Texas State University.

The FBI’s Office of Law Enforcement Engagement (OLEE) led the research and preparation of the document, working closely with the Criminal Division, the Critical Incident Response Group, and FBI field offices, as well as state and local law enforcement agencies nationwide.

The FBI and the ALERRT Center at Texas State University support the Don’t Name Them campaign, an initiative aimed at encouraging the media, law enforcement, and public information officers to redirect attention away from the shooters and instead highlight the victims, survivors, and heroes who intervened.

The campaign also emphasizes the strength of the communities that unite to heal in the aftermath of such events.

This report supplements previous FBI publications containing annual active shooter data since 2000.

The safety and security of our communities remain the FBI’s highest priority.

We are dedicated to supporting our law enforcement partners, who are the first responders to active shooter incidents.

The FBI supports our law enforcement partners and communities through specialized training programs such as the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT), which equips law enforcement officers with critical skills for aggressively and effectively responding during active shooter situations.

Similarly, public education initiatives like the FBI’s Active Shooter Attack Prevention and Preparedness (ASAPP) course provide citizens with tools to develop plans and responses to active shooter situations, including strategies for when to “run, hide, fight.”

Throughout this report, numerous examples illustrate the individual bravery demonstrated by law enforcement officers, security personnel, and civilians who took action to stop or attempt to stop an attack.

This report reflects the culmination of extensive research and collaboration aimed at identifying the patterns of active shooter incidents. By recognizing common factors and trends, the FBI seeks to enhance preparedness, improve training, and strengthen community resilience.

Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

See the glossary for definition of mass killing.

Active shooter incidents are a subset of gun violence. It is important to note that not all violent firearm crimes are considered active shooter attacks; many are excluded from FBI active shooter reports for specific reasons detailed in the methodology section.

Each year, the FBI’s active shooter report compiles and categorizes critical data to support law enforcement, emergency responders, private organizations, and the public to better understand these threats. By doing so, the report aims to provide valuable insights designed to aid in prevention, mitigation, and response efforts against active shooter situations.

This is the latest installment in the FBI’s series of active shooter reports, which have been published since September 2014.

This report does not contain analysis regarding fluctuations in active shooter incidents from year to year.

The FBI collaborates with the ALERRT Center at Texas State University to form the FBI’s Active Shooter Working Group. This group evaluates shooting incidents against specific criteria for inclusion in the FBI’s annual active shooter report.

To identify incidents that fit the active shooter definition, the FBI relies on multiple sources to include internal FBI records, official reports from investigating agencies when available, and information gathered from open-source outlets.

Notably, some active shooter incidents may not result in casualties due to firearm malfunctions, missing intended targets, or interventions by citizens, security personnel, or law enforcement.

The methodology was first articulated in A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013 and was applied to the 2025 incidents for consistency.

The data included in this report is derived from active shooter incidents in 2025 and is current as of March 19, 2026.

Prior to the publication of this report, the FBI conducted a regimented data verification and review process to provide readers with the most accurate information.

The line chart presents a comparison of several incident-related metrics across 2024 and 2025. The gold line depicts the 2025 data, and the gray line depicts the 2024 data.

The following are summaries of the 34 active shooter attacks in 2025, presented chronologically by their date of occurrence.

Summaries are listed in local time.

*Incidents designated as mass killings

These categories highlight environments most affected and inform prevention and response efforts.

Firearm reload and malfunction data were not available for all incidents.

Firearm malfunction data was only available for incidents at Jackson County Public Library in Indiana and Border Patrol Annex in Texas.

The Annunciation Roman Catholic Church attack was categorized as a house of worship incident because it occurred inside the church.

This victim was not included in the overall casualty count for 2025, because this crime was not part of the Brown University attack.

Incident duration and law enforcement response details were available for two of the three shootings.

During these incidents, civilians took a range of actions.

In active shooter situations, law enforcement officers bear the responsibility of neutralizing the threat to keep the public safe.

The FBI does not include the shooter in casualty counts.

This is a statistical representation of the types of firearms used in each incident, rather than an analysis of which specific firearm caused each type of casualty.

BAU-1 provides behaviorally-based investigative and operational support to complex and time-sensitive crimes and other significant matters involving acts or threats of violence, including terrorism, threats, arson, bombings, stalking, and anticipated or active crisis situations.

Within BAU-1, the Behavioral Threat Assessment Center uses threat assessment and threat management principles to prevent terrorism and mass casualty targeted violence by assessing the threat posed by a person of concern and providing investigators with suggestions to mitigate that threat.

These individuals often display warning signs-observable behaviors that, if noticed and reported in time, create critical opportunities to intervene and prevent violence from occurring.

Warning behaviors may be present prior to violence occurring

These acts of violence often lack warning signs that provide opportunity for bystanders to recognize and report their concerns before the violence occurs.

Does not provide same breadth of observable warning sign behaviors

See Appendix IV for a list of warning signs and predatory behaviors.

Understanding the motivations behind an individual’s decision to commit an act of violence is a complex and dynamic process that goes beyond simply determining whether a person has a diagnosed mental health disorder.

For behaviors to be aware of, and/or who to contact for help, please visit www.FBI.gov/prevent.

Additionally, other psychological disorders—like personality disorders, substance use or abuse, and adjustment disorders stemming from environmental stressors—can affect an individual’s mental wellness and resilience.

The data presented in this report offers a preliminary categorization of incidents based on information available prior to the publication of this report. It is important to note that this does not represent a comprehensive analysis of the shooter’s behavior leading up to the attack.

These classifications rely on reported behaviors suggesting the perpetrator likely engaged in planning and preparation for the act, and can be revised if further information becomes available.

Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

The following data provides a statistical overview of the past five years. The data includes metrics from 2021 through 2025.

*One shooter died in a motor vehicle crash and is not included in this table.

Refers to incidents included in the FBI’s Active Shooter Incidents in the United States reports from 2021 to 2025.

This chart displays the yearly active shooter incident count from 2021 through 2025 indicating trends over time.

This chart displays the yearly casualty count from 2021 through 2025, separated into victims killed, victims wounded and total casualties.

It shows trends over time, highlighting changes in each category across the years.

This bar chart shows the number of active shooter incidents that occurred each month from 2021 through 2025, with separate bars for each year.

This bar chart shows the number of active shooter incidents that occurred each day of the week from 2021 through 2025, with separate bars for each year.

This bar chart shows the number of active shooter incidents that occurred by time of day from 2021 through 2025, with separate bars for each year.

This stacked bar chart displays the proportion of mass killing active shooter incidents compared to the total active shooter incidents for each year from 2021 to 2025. Each bar represents a year, divided to show the percentage of incidents classified as mass killings versus other active shooter events.

This bar chart shows the number of active shooter incidents across each location category from 2021 through 2025, with separate bars for each year illustrating how incident counts vary by location.

This bar chart shows the total number of incidents within each location category from 2021 through 2025 on the left, and a breakdown of individuals killed and wounded by location category on the right.

This 100% stacked horizontal bar chart proportionally shows how active shooter incidents from 2021 through 2025 were resolved each year, with the length of each colored segment indicating the number of shooters apprehended, killed, died by suicide or through other outcomes.

This stacked bar chart shows the proportion of incidents where law enforcement was involved in an exchange of gunfire compared to those without an exchange from 2021 through 2025.

This bar chart compares the number of incidents in which law enforcement exchanged gunfire with a shooter to the number of law enforcement casualties resulting from the exchange of gunfire from 2021 through 2025.

This bar chart shows how active shooter incidents involving an exchange of gunfire with law enforcement were resolved each year from 2021 through 2025, with counts for shooters apprehended, killed, or who died by suicide.

This table summarizes incidents involving security intervention from 2021 through 2025, including shooter resolution and the number of security personnel injured during the intervention.

This table summarizes incidents involving civilian intervention from 2021 through 2025, including shooter resolution and the number of civilians injured during the intervention.

This chart shows the number of active shooter incidents and total casualties each year from 2000 through 2025.

The FBI’s “Active Shooter Incidents in the United States|2025” report provides multifaceted data surrounding active shooter incidents to inform and assist law enforcement, security professionals, and the public to prepare for, mitigate, and respond to these attacks.

Federal, state, local, tribal, territorial, and campus law enforcement have access to active shooter trainings through partnerships with the FBI’s Office of Law Enforcement Engagement, FBI field offices, and the ALERRT Center at Texas State University.

By incorporating insights collected from years of active shooter research, the FBI provides training to civilians through its ASAPP program, equipping participants with essential knowledge and skills to survive an active shooter attack by employing the “run, hide, fight” strategy.

This report focuses on a particular type of firearm violence, and the data it provides might differ from those used in broader categories like mass shootings or mass killings.

The terms “mass shooting” and “mass killing” are sometimes used interchangeably, and they can overlap with what are called active shooter incidents.

While some attacks can fall into more than one of these categories, not every mass shooting or mass killing meets the criteria of an active shooter incident.

To help make these distinctions clear, the following chart differentiates the characteristics of active shooter attacks, mass shootings, and mass killings.

Note: All injuries and fatalities do not include the shooter.

46 Refers to the FBI’s definition of an active shooter.

While this report focuses on active shooter incidents that occurred in 2025, there were various instances where a potential attack was averted by either law enforcement observations, tips to the FBI and/or local law enforcement, or information provided to school resource officers (SROs) or campus police.

No single behavior means someone will commit violence, but research has identified behaviors that may indicate a person is moving towards violence.

Comments, jokes, or threats about violent plans | • Angry outbursts or physical aggression • Repeated or detailed fantasies about violence | • Increasingly troublesome interactions with others • Comments about hurting themselves or others | • Obsessive interest in prior attackers or attacks • Creating a document, video, suicide note, or other item to explain or claim credit for future violence | • Bizarre or unexpected change in appearance, including dress or hygiene • Seeing violence as a way to solve their problems • Unusual difficulty coping with stress • Reduced interest in hobbies and other activities • Worsening performance at school or work • Increasing isolation from family, friends, or others • Asking questions about or testing security at a possible target • Changing vocabulary, style of speech, or how they act in a way that reflects a hardened point of view or new sense of purpose associated with violent extremist causes, particularly after a catalyzing event

This could be a school administrator, employee assistance peer, coach, religious leader, or someone else you respect.

Law enforcement can work with other professionals to provide needed resources to individuals in or approaching crisis before violence is pursued.