Fact claims

While law enforcement response remains crucial to neutralizing threats, in 2025, civilian and security personnel interventions played a unique role in ending multiple incidents.

Nearly 68% of incidents (23) were intentionally planned by the shooter, up from 58% in 2024.

In 2025, the FBI identified 34 active shooter incidents nationwide, a 42% increase from the 24 incidents in the previous year.

The total number of casualties (166) also rose significantly, marking a 57% increase from the 106 casualties recorded in the previous year.

STATE: Active shooter incidents in 2025 occurred across 21 states and the District of Columbia with the most occurring in Texas (6).

MONTH: September had the highest number of incidents (7).

DAY: Active shooter incidents occurred every day of the week with the most occurring on Wednesdays (10).

CATEGORIES: Attacks occurred in five location categories:

41% - Commerce (14)

21% - Open space (7)

18% - Government (6)

12% - Education (4)

9% - House of Worship (3)

MULTIPLE SHOOTERS: No incident involved multiple shooters.

GENDER: All of the shooters were male.

AGE: The shooters’ ages ranged between 16 and 77 years old.

INSIDER THREATS: Seven shooters were considered insider threats.

FIREARMS: Across all attacks, 49 firearms were used: 26 handguns (53%), 16 rifles (33%) and seven shotguns (14%).

ARMOR: One shooter wore body armor.

RESOLUTIONS: Of the 34 shooters, 16 were apprehended by law enforcement (47%), 10 died by suicide (29%), and seven were killed by law enforcement or security personnel (21%).

At the time of publication, one shooter remains at large (3%).

KILLED AND WOUNDED: Among the 166 casualties, 51 were killed and 115 were wounded.

HIGHEST CASUALTY: The incident with the highest number of casualties (30) involved two killed and 28 wounded.

NO CASUALTIES: Three incidents did not have any casualties.

MASS KILLING INCIDENTS: Seven incidents were classified as mass killings.

LAW ENFORCEMENT: Law enforcement officers sustained casualties in six of the 34 active shooter incidents in 2025 with three officers killed and five wounded.

In 2025, there were 34 active shooter incidents across 21 states and D.C., resulting in 166 casualties.

34 | 166 | 34 | 07 INCIDENTS | CASUALTIES | SHOOTERS | MASS KILLINGS

100% | Male Shooter | 41% | Occurred in Commerce | 21 States and D.C.

WHERE INCIDENTS OCCURRED | TOTAL WOUNDED | 115 Commerce | 14 | Civilian | 109 Law Enforcement | 5 Open Space | 7 | Security | 1

Government | 6 | TOTAL KILLED | 51 Civilian | 47 Education | 4 | Law Enforcement | 3 Security House of Worship 3 | 1

SHOOTER RESOLUTIONS | FIREARMS Apprehended | 16 | Handgun | 26 10 7 16 Suicide Killed Rifle At Large | 1 | Shotgun | 7

The data referenced in this chart shows an increase across almost all categories in 2025:

The total incidents rose from 24 to 34, and casualties rose from 106 to 166.

Law enforcement officers killed increased from one to three, although the number of officers wounded remained at five.

Mass Killing events more than doubled, rising from three to seven.

In 2024, one incident had two shooters, while in 2025 no incident had multiple shooters.

No attackers in 2024 wore body armor; however one shooter in 2025 wore body armor.

14 Commerce | 7 House of 6 4 3 Open Government Education Space Worship

On Wednesday, January 22, 2025, at approximately 11:09 a.m., a 17 year old male armed with a handgun opened fire on people inside the cafeteria of Antioch High School.

The shooting resulted in one student fatality and two student injuries. The shooter died by suicide at the scene before law enforcement could intervene.

On Wednesday, January 29, 2025, at approximately 2:00 p.m., a 21 year old male armed with a rifle began shooting at people outside Southern Hens Inc. There were no casualties and the shooter was killed at the scene by security personnel.

On Tuesday, February 4, 2025, at approximately 10:19 p.m., a 28 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people inside the KDC/One Warehouse.

The shooting resulted in two fatalities and four injuries. Law enforcement apprehended the shooter at a different location the following day.

On Monday, February 17, 2025, at approximately 1:34 p.m., a 28 year old male armed with a rifle opened fire on people outside the Harris Teeter. The attack resulted in two fatalities.

An off-duty federal law enforcement agent killed the shooter.

On Sunday, March 23, 2025, at approximately 10:15 a.m., a 34 year old male armed with multiple weapons began shooting at occupied Amazon vans along C.F. Harvey Parkway and NC 11. There were no casualties and law enforcement apprehended the shooter after he crashed his vehicle at a different location.

On Monday, March 31, 2025, at approximately 9:36 p.m., a 30 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people inside Walgreens, killing one person. Law enforcement officers apprehended the shooter at the scene.

CHEVRON | Baker, California On Tuesday, April 1, 2025, at approximately 2:36 a.m., a 35 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at the Chevron gas station and nearby locations, wounding three people. Law enforcement apprehended the shooter at a different location.

On Wednesday, April 2, 2025, at approximately 4:15 p.m., a 29 year old male armed with multiple weapons began shooting people in passing vehicles at the intersection of King Road and Middle Road. Two individuals were killed and two were wounded. The shooter died by suicide at the scene before law enforcement arrived.

On Thursday, April 17, 2025, at approximately 11:55 a.m., a 20 year old male armed with multiple weapons opened fire on people at Florida State University, killing two and wounding seven (five students). Law enforcement shot and apprehended the shooter at the scene.

On Saturday, April 26, 2025, at approximately 12:03 p.m., a 24 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at multiple locations, wounding three. Law enforcement apprehended the shooter at a different location.

On Wednesday, April 30, 2025, at approximately 12:01 p.m., an 18 year old male armed with a shotgun began shooting at people inside the Jackson County Public Library, injuring one person. A civilian intervened and restrained the shooter until law enforcement arrived.

NORTHWEST | Washington, D.C. On Wednesday, May 21, 2025, at approximately 9:05 p.m., a 31 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people outside the Capital Jewish Museum, killing two. Law enforcement apprehended the shooter at the scene.

On Sunday, June 22, 2025, at approximately 11:00 a.m., a 31 year old male armed with a rifle began shooting people outside CrossPointe Community Church. Observing the incident unfold, a parishioner struck the shooter with a vehicle before security team members engaged and killed the attacker at the scene. One security team member sustained injuries during the incident.

On Sunday, June 29, 2025, at approximately 2:00 p.m., a 20 year old male armed with a shotgun started a brush fire and began shooting responding firefighters on Canfield Mountain, killing two and wounding one. Law enforcement exchanged gunfire with the shooter who died by suicide nearby.

On Monday, July 7, 2025, at approximately 5:50 a.m., a 27 year old male armed with multiple weapons opened fire on people outside the Border Patrol Rio Grande Valley Sector Annex.

Three people sustained injuries, including two law enforcement officers and one civilian employee. Law enforcement exchanged gunfire and killed the shooter at the scene.

On Saturday, July 19, 2025, at approximately 5:22 a.m., a 29 year old male armed with a shotgun began shooting at people in passing vehicles on Interstate 5, milepost 15. There were no casualties, and law enforcement apprehended the shooter at the scene.

On Monday, July 28, 2025, at approximately 7:25 a.m., a 26 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people outside the Grand Sierra Resort, killing three and wounding four including one law enforcement officer.

Law enforcement and security personnel exchanged gunfire with the shooter and apprehended him at the scene. The shooter died from injuries sustained during the gunfire.

On Monday, July 28, 2025, at approximately 6:27 p.m., a 27 year old male armed with a rifle opened fire on people inside the 345 Park Avenue office building.

Four people were killed, including one law enforcement officer and one security personnel, and one person was wounded. The shooter died by suicide at the scene before law enforcement arrived.

| THE OWL BAR | Anaconda, Montana* On Friday, August 1, 2025, at approximately 10:30 a.m., a 45 year old male armed with a rifle began shooting people inside The Owl Bar, killing four. Law enforcement apprehended the shooter seven days later at another location.

On Wednesday, August 6, 2025, at approximately 10:56 a.m., a 28 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team Complex, wounding five military personnel.

Unarmed soldiers tackled and restrained the shooter at the scene before military police apprehended him.

On Friday, August 8, 2025, at approximately 4:50 p.m., a 30 year old male armed with multiple weapons began shooting people from an elevated position across the street in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention office buildings, killing one law enforcement officer. After exchanging gunfire with law enforcement, the shooter died by suicide at the scene.

On Monday, August 11, 2025, at approximately 2:15 p.m., a 32 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people outside Target, killing three and injuring three others.

Law enforcement apprehended the shooter at another location.

On Wednesday, August 27, 2025, at approximately 8:27 a.m., a 23 year old male armed with multiple weapons began shooting people inside the Annunciation Roman Catholic Church, killing two and wounding 28.

The shooter died by suicide at the scene before law enforcement arrived.

On Sunday, September 7, 2025, at approximately 2:30 a.m., a 32 year old male armed with multiple weapons opened fire on people outside Alas Locas Bar, killing two and injuring four.

The shooter remains at large.

On Wednesday, September 10, 2025, at approximately 12:24 p.m., a 16 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at Evergreen High School, wounding two students.

The shooter died by suicide at the scene after law enforcement arrived.

On Saturday, September 20, 2025, at approximately 7:17 p.m., a 23 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at the Sky Meadow Country Club, killing one and injuring six.

Law enforcement apprehended the shooter at the scene following civilian intervention.

On Wednesday, September 24, 2025, at approximately 6:40 a.m., a 29 year old male armed with a rifle opened fire on people at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Field Office, killing two and wounding one.

On Saturday, September 27, 2025, at approximately 9:30 p.m., a 40 year old male armed with a rifle began shooting people at American Fish Company, killing three and wounding eight.

On Saturday, September 27, 2025, at approximately 11:48 p.m., a 34 year old male armed with a rifle began shooting people at Kickapoo Lucky Eagle Casino Hotel, killing two people and injuring five.

On Sunday, September 28, 2025, at approximately 10:25 a.m., a 40 year old male armed with a rifle began shooting people at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and started a fire, killing four and wounding eight.

Law enforcement killed the shooter at the scene.

As of the publication of this report, the shooter remains at large.

NOV Commerce | 31 | MISSION LANDSCAPE SUPPLIES | San Antonio, Texas* On Saturday, November 8, 2025, at approximately 7:45 a.m., a 21 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at Mission Landscape Supplies, killing three. The shooter died by suicide at a different location.

32 | 17TH AND I STREET NORTHWEST | Washington, D.C. On Wednesday, November 26, 2025, at approximately 2:15 p.m., a 29 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people near a metro station.

One National Guard member was killed, and one was wounded.

A nearby guardsman opened fire on the shooter, detaining him until he was apprehended by law enforcement.

DEC Education | 33 | BROWN UNIVERSITY | Providence, Rhode Island On Saturday, December 13, 2025, at approximately 4:03 p.m., a 48 year old male armed with a handgun began shooting people at Brown University. Two students were killed and nine other students were wounded. The shooter died by suicide at another location.

34 | SHOSHONE COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE | Wallace, Idaho On Friday, December 26, 2025, at approximately 2:30 p.m., a 77 year old male armed with multiple weapons began shooting people at Shoshone County Sheriff’s Office, injuring three including one law enforcement officer.

The shooter was killed while exchanging gunfire with law enforcement.

In 2025, active shooter incidents occurred across 21 states and the District of Columbia.

Texas experienced the highest number of incidents (six) representing approximately 18% of the total 34 incidents nationwide.

Several other states including California, Georgia, Idaho, Michigan, North Carolina, Tennessee, and the District of Columbia, each recorded two incidents.

The remaining 14 states each reported a single incident.

A majority of active shooter incidents (15) occurred in communities with populations ranging from 10,000 to 250,000, representing 44% of all incidents.

The lowest number (two) occurred in areas with populations between 250,000 and 500,000.

Additionally, nine incidents were reported in towns with fewer than 10,000 residents, while eight occurred in cities with populations exceeding 500,000.

In 2025, there were 166 casualties across 34 active shooter incidents.

Of those, 51 individuals lost their lives and 115 were injured.

Eight casualties involved law enforcement officers, and security personnel sustained two casualties.

Out of the 156 civilian casualties, at least three occurred while civilians were actively attempting to stop the shooter.

The highest casualty count (30) in a single incident in 2025 was more than twice that of 2024’s highest casualty incident (14).

In 2025, seven active shooter incidents met the criteria for mass killings, two occurred in Texas, while the remaining five took place in Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New York, and North Carolina.

Minnesota recorded the most casualties (30), followed by Texas (28), and Michigan (13). These states accounted for 43% of all casualties in 2025.

Texas experienced the most fatalities (12) representing 24% of all deaths.

Michigan, Montana, and New York each recorded four fatalities, while the District of Columbia, Nevada, and North Carolina had three deaths each. The remaining states each recorded two or less fatalities.

The Annunciation Roman Catholic Church shooting in Minneapolis, Minnesota had the highest overall casualties, 30, which left two dead and 28 injured.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints incident in Grand Blanc Township, Michigan had 12 casualties which left four dead and eight wounded.

The American Fish Company shooting in Southport, North Carolina had 11 casualties which left three dead and eight wounded.

The Brown University shooting in Providence, Rhode Island accounted for 11 casualties which left two dead and nine injured.

The Florida State University shooting in Tallahassee, Florida had nine casualties which left two dead and seven injured.

The Owl Bar | Anaconda, MT Killed 4 | Wounded 0 | The Church of Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints | Grand Blanc, MI Killed 4 | Wounded 8

Grand Sienna Resort | Reno, NV Killed 3 | Wounded 4

345 Park Avenue | New York, NY Killed 4 | Wounded 1

Target #95 | Austin, TX Killed 3 | Wounded 3

Mission Landscape Supplies | San Antonio, TX Killed 3 | Wounded 0

September saw the highest number of incidents (7) while October experienced no attacks.

Compared to 2024, April had the most notable increase, with incidents rising from one in 2024 to five in 2025.

Conversely, June experienced the largest decrease, as the number of incidents fell from five in 2024 to just two in 2025.

Wednesday had the highest number of incidents (10) compared to Thursday, which had one.

Compared to 2024, both Wednesday and Saturday saw the largest increases, with Wednesday incidents doubling from five to 10, and Saturday’s rising from two to seven.

Thursday experienced the largest decrease, with incidents falling from six in 2024 to just one in 2025.

January | 2 February | 2 March | 2

May | 1 June | 2

Overall, the majority of shootings occurred between 6:00 a.m. and 5:59 p.m., accounting for 23 incidents or 68% of the 2025 total. In 2024, a similar trend was observed, with 15 of the 24 incidents or 63% occurring within the same time frame.

November | 2 December | 2

Sunday | 5 Monday | 6 Tuesday | 2

Friday | 3

12:00 a.m. to 5:59 a.m. | 4

6:00 a.m. to 11:59 a.m. | 11

12:00 p.m. to 5:59 p.m. | 12

6:00 p.m. to 11:59 p.m. | 7

Commerce 4 14

Open Space Government 3 6 7 12

Education | 4 4

House of Worship 1 3

In 2024 and 2025, active shooter incidents occurred in all categories except health care facilities and residences.

In 2025, 41% of incidents occurred in the commerce location category, compared to 17% in 2024. Among these 14 incidents, more than 75% occurred in businesses open to the public such as retail stores and restaurants.

Casualties by Location Category Killed (51) | Wounded (115)

Meanwhile, incidents occurring in the open space location category, which historically accounted for nearly half of active shooter incidents in recent years, dropped to 21% of the incidents in 2025.

Alternatively, government, education, and house of worship location categories accounted for only 38% of incidents in 2025 but resulted in more than half of all casualties.

Incidents: 14 | Casualties: 68 (30 killed, 38 wounded) | Mass Killings: 6

In 2025, the commerce location category had the most active shooter attacks (14) across industries like entertainment, manufacturing, retail, and recreation.

This was a substantial increase from 17% of the incidents in 2024 to over 40% in 2025.

These attacks often occurred in spaces open to pedestrian traffic during business hours, such as restaurants, bars, large stores, and casinos, as well as spaces closed to pedestrian traffic such as warehouses and office buildings.

In 2025, shootings at commerce locations were responsible for nearly 60% of all fatalities and 41% of total casualties.

This category also had the highest fatality rate, with an average of 2.1 fatalities per incident, compared to 1.5 fatalities overall in 2025.

Additionally, most mass killings (six) occurred in commerce locations open to the public.

In seven incidents, shooters had a connection to the location and/or a victim.

Three of them were insider threats —shooters who were current employees, and four were either former employees or patrons of the location but not deemed insider threats.

All insider threat attacks occurred at warehouses/plant/trade businesses.

At Southern Hens Inc. in Moselle, Mississippi, a security guard killed the shooter before casualties occurred.

At KDC/One warehouse in New Albany, Ohio, a civilian disarmed the shooter, who then fled and was caught the next day at a different location.

At Mission Landscape Supplies in San Antonio, Texas, an employee shot coworkers and then died by suicide before law enforcement arrived.

Large retail sites also experienced shootings. At Target #95 in Austin, Texas, the shooter fired at people in the parking lot before fleeing in a stolen vehicle and was apprehended at a different location.

Similarly, at Harris Teeter #332 in Crozet, Virginia, the shooter opened fire in the parking lot but was killed by an off-duty federal agent.

Neither shooter had prior ties to their victims or locations.

Connection (50%) 7 No Connection (50%) 7

Multiple incidents occurred in restaurants and bars.

Shooters at The Owl Bar in Montana, and Alas Locas Bar in Texas, were patrons who fled after their attack; The Owl Bar shooter evaded capture for seven days, while the Alas Locas shooter remains the only suspect still at large as of the publication of this report.

At American Fish Company in North Carolina, the shooter arrived by boat, fired on patrons, and fled but was apprehended.

At Sky Meadow Country Club in New Hampshire, a civilian disarmed the shooter, a former employee by striking him with a chair. The shooter left the immediate area and was apprehended by law enforcement.

Two shootings occurred at casinos and resorts.

At the Grand Sierra Resort in Nevada, a shooter was apprehended after exchanging gunfire with law enforcement but died three days later from injuries.

At Kickapoo Lucky Eagle Casino Hotel in Texas, a former patron began shooting with a rifle, fled, and was caught the next morning.

Closed (21%) | Open (79%)

Small retail incidents occurred at a Walgreens and a Chevron station in California. The Walgreens attacker was caught on-site, while the Chevron shooter, involved in multiple shootings across Nevada and California earlier that evening, fled and was captured elsewhere.

This was the only multi-location commerce incident in 2025.

At 345 Park Avenue, in New York City, a shooter opened fire in the lobby, killing several people including a law enforcement officer and a security guard, then moved to a higher floor. The shooter died by suicide as law enforcement approached.

In commerce incidents, most shooters used a single firearm. Handguns were used in eight of 14 attacks (one shooter used two handguns) and rifles were used exclusively in six incidents.

In at least three incidents, the shooter reloaded, including the Grand Sierra Resort shooter who experienced a handgun malfunction before initial shots were fired.

Handgun 9

Civilian, law enforcement, and security intervention was a key factor in several shooter resolutions.

Rifle 6

For example, civilians disarmed/subdued shooters at locations such as KDC/One Warehouse and Sky Meadow Country Club, both shooters were apprehended.

At 345 Park Avenue, an injured victim alerted coworkers on another floor about the attack.

In another incident, an off-duty law enforcement officer shopping at Harris Teeter confronted the shooter, killing him at the scene.

In two other incidents, security personnel intervened before responding officers arrived: Southern Hens Inc., and Grand Sierra Resort.

Shooter ages in the commerce location category ranged from 21 to 45 years old. Notably, eight shooters were between 25 and 34 years old. The average age of shooters in this category was 30 years old.

In commerce incidents, eight of 14 shooters fled the scene; six were apprehended at different locations, one died by suicide off-site, and one remains at large.

Of the six who remained at the scene, two were killed by law enforcement, two were apprehended, one was killed by security personnel, and one died by suicide before law enforcement arrived.

The commerce location category represented the largest share of active shooter incidents in 2025, marking the highest percentage recorded since 2021, with a disproportionate number of fatalities and mass killings.

Incidents: 7 | Casualties: 14 (7 killed, 7 wounded) | Mass Killings: 0

In 2025, seven open space active shooter incidents accounted for nearly 21% of all incidents, down from 50% in 2024.

These shootings occurred in public outdoor areas and resulted in below-average casualties compared to other location categories.

Seven individuals were killed (including one law enforcement officer) and seven others were wounded (including one law enforcement officer). Attacks in open spaces caused 14% of fatalities and 8% of total casualties.

The average fatality rate was 1.0 per incident, which was lower than the

The average casualty rate was 2.0, which was less than the average of 4.9 in all incidents in 2025.

No mass killings occurred in open spaces.

Four of seven open space attacks occurred along roadways, with two involving multiple locations.

During the C.F. Harvey Parkway/NC 11 incident in North Carolina, the suspect targeted Amazon drivers at multiple locations before crashing his vehicle.

Similarly, the shooter in Memphis, Tennessee, carried out attacks in various parts of the city. Both suspects were apprehended at different locations without incident.

Single-location incidents included the Interstate 5, milepost 15 shooting, where the shooter was apprehended on-site after shooting at passing vehicles.

In Maine, the shooter killed the driver (family member) of the vehicle he was traveling in, causing it to crash. He exited the vehicle, shot at passing drivers, and died by suicide before law enforcement arrived.

Recreational/Natural Area | 1

Two incidents took place in Washington, D.C.’s business districts. One occurred near the Capital Jewish Museum where the shooter opened fire on event attendees, and the other occurred at 17th and I Streets NW where a shooter fired at U.S. National Guard members on patrol. Both shooters were apprehended on scene.

Business District Roadway 2 4

One incident took place in Idaho, where the shooter started a fire on Canfield Mountain, and then fired upon responding firefighters, killing two and wounding one. The shooter exchanged gunfire with responding law enforcement before dying by suicide.

Handgun Rifle | 2 5

Two of the seven incidents involved the use of multiple firearms. In the North Carolina and Maine incidents, the shooters used both a handgun and a rifle during the attacks.

Shooters in both Washington, D.C. attacks reloaded their handguns; however, reload data for other open space incidents was unavailable.

Most shooters in this category (five) were apprehended—three on scene and two elsewhere.

In one incident targeting uniformed National Guard members, the attacker was shot, stabbed, and restrained by fellow guardsmen before responding law enforcement apprehended him.

Two other shooters died by suicide: one in Maine, before police arrived, and another in Idaho, after exchanging gunfire with law enforcement.

Shotgun | 2

Suicide at the scene after LE arrived Suicide at the scene before LE arrived Apprehended by LE at another Location Apprehended by LE at the scene 1 1 2 3

The shooters in this category were between 20 and 34 years old, with an average age of 28 years old.

In 2025 the open space location category included a diverse array of outdoor attacks with the majority occurring on roadways.

Additionally, in over 70% of these incidents, law enforcement apprehended the shooter.

Incidents: 6 | Casualties: 16 (3 killed, 13 wounded) | Mass Killings: 0

In 2025, active shooter incidents in the government location category occurred in both local and federal government facilities including a sheriff’s office, a public library, a military base, and federal campuses.

Overall, six of 34 active shooter incidents (18%) occurred in government spaces, which increased from 13% in 2024.

These events predominantly occurred at federal government facilities; however, two targeted local government locations.

Attackers at government locations killed three (including one law enforcement officer) and wounded 13 (including three law enforcement officers).

The average fatality rate was 0.5 per incident, lower than the average of 1.5 in all incidents in 2025.

Government location incidents accounted for nearly 10% of the total casualties, with an average of 2.7 per incident, which is about half the overall average of 4.9 for all location categories combined.

Of the six incidents, none met the threshold for a mass killing.

Over half of the active shooter incidents (four) in the government location category took place at federal facilities.

Two occurred at Department of Homeland Security facilities: one at the Border Patrol Annex in Texas, and the other at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Field Office in Texas.

At the Border Patrol facility, as the shooter opened fire, a civilian employee arriving at work attempted to intervene by firing towards the shooter from his vehicle.

The shooter then attempted to enter the facility and exchanged gunfire with responding officers before he was killed at the scene.

At the ICE field office, the shooter fired from a nearby elevated position and died by suicide as law enforcement arrived on scene.

Although the incident at 17th and I Street NW, Washington, D.C., was included in the open space location category, it is important to highlight the shooter specifically targeted government personnel. During this incident, uniformed members of the National Guard on duty in Washington, D.C., were attacked.

Similarly, the incident at Canfield Mountain in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, was an attack on local firefighters, a group of local government employees.

Civilians | Law Enforcement 3 10 1 2 Killed | Wounded

One incident occurred at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) headquarters in Georgia, where the shooter fired from an elevated

During the attack, the shooter used multiple firearms and exchanged gunfire with responding law enforcement.

The shooter ultimately died by suicide.

One incident occurred at the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team complex in Georgia, where a soldier opened fire on fellow service members.

Unarmed military personnel intervened by disarming and restraining the shooter before he was apprehended by military police.

This was the only incident in the government location category which met the definition of an insider threat.

Two incidents occurred at local government facilities.

At the Jackson County Public Library in Indiana, a shooter opened fire inside the library during operating hours. The attack ended after a civilian tackled the shooter and restrained him until police arrived.

An improvised explosive device and smoke bombs were found at the scene.

At the Shoshone County Sheriff’s Office (SCSO) in Idaho, an attacker shot civilians outside the SCSO building, then entered and fired at law enforcement officers inside the station. After a standoff, the shooter exchanged gunfire with responding officers and was killed at the scene.

Federal | 4

Local | 2

Half of the shooters in this category used multiple firearms.

The shooter at the Border Patrol Annex used two firearms (a rifle and a handgun), the shooter at the CDC used six firearms (three handguns, two rifles, and a shotgun), and the shooter at the SCSO used four firearms (two handguns, a shotgun, and a rifle).

However, the incidents at Jackson County Public Library, the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team Complex, and the ICE Field Office involved a single, shotgun, handgun, and rifle, respectively.

All shooters in this location category reloaded their firearms during the attacks, with the exception of Jackson County Public Library, where the shooter experienced a shotgun malfunction.

Handgun Rifle Shotgun | 3 5 7

Members of the targeted population intervened in half of the attacks.

For example, at the Jackson County Public Library, the shooter injured one person before he was tackled and restrained by a civilian which ended the attack. Similarly, at the military installation in Georgia, unarmed soldiers subdued the shooter.

At the Border Patrol Annex, a civilian employee fired at the shooter prior to law enforcement arrival.

Yes | 3 No | 3

All incidents in this location category ended at the scene.

The shootings at Jackson County Public Library and the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team complex were the only two incidents where shooters were apprehended by law enforcement (both involved civilian intervention).

At the Border Patrol Annex and SCSO, law enforcement killed the shooters during an exchange of gunfire.

At the CDC, the shooter exchanged gunfire with law enforcement, before dying by suicide.

At the ICE field office, the shooter died by suicide before law enforcement arrived.

Shooter ages in this category ranged from 18 to 77 years old.

Most shooters were between 25 and 34 years old, similar to both commerce and open space location categories.

The average age of shooters in this category was 35 years old.

Suicide at the scene before LE arrived 1

2025 recorded the highest number of incidents in this category from data reported since 2000.

While overall casualties were low compared to other location categories, 50% of law enforcement casualties (four) occurred in these attacks.

Suicide at the scene after LE arrived Killed by LE at the scene Apprehended by LE at the scene 1 2 2

Incidents: 4 | Casualties: 25 (5 killed, 20 wounded) | Mass Killings: 0

In 2025, four active shooter attacks (12%) occurred in high schools (grades nine through 12) and institutions of higher learning (IHL).

This number is consistent with the previous reporting year.

The education category had a fatality rate of 1.25, which was lower than the overall rate of 1.5 and accounted for 10% of all deaths.

This category also represented 15% of the total casualties, with an average of 6.3 casualties per incident which is higher than the overall average of 4.9 per incident across all location types.

The education category resulted in five deaths and 20 injuries, with no attacks classified as mass killings.

It should be noted that the majority of victims were school-aged children (pre-K through eighth grade) attending a back-to-school mass during the school day.

Two of the four incidents in this category took place in high schools.

One occurred at Antioch High School in Tennessee, where a 17 year old student opened fire inside the school cafeteria.

The second incident took place at Evergreen High School in Colorado, where a 16 year old student opened fire inside and outside the building. The suspect died by suicide after law enforcement arrived. Both shooters were current students and considered insider threats.

The remaining two incidents occurred at an IHL.

In the Florida State University (FSU) shooting, a 20 year old student, classified as an insider threat, opened fire outside and inside campus buildings. The shooter was injured at the scene by law enforcement and apprehended.

This was the only incident in this category where the shooter was taken into custody.

At the Brown University attack in Rhode Island, a 48 year old former student opened fire in the physics and engineering building before fleeing the scene. Two days later, the shooter killed another individual in Massachusetts and subsequently died by suicide. He was located five days after the initial attack.

20 5 Killed | Wounded

Most of the shooters in this category used a single firearm with the exception of the FSU shooter, who attempted to use a shotgun, but switched to a handgun after a malfunction. Notably, no rifles were used.

High School Institutions of Higher Learning 2 2

Three shooters reloaded their firearms. At Evergreen High School, the shooter reloaded five times. The FSU shooter fired multiple rounds from a handgun, reloading twice. It is believed the Brown University shooter reloaded his handgun multiple times and evidence indicated he experienced firearm malfunctions.

Law enforcement response time varied in this category. At Antioch High School, an on-site SRO responded immediately and at FSU, campus police responded within one minute.

Incidents relying on dispatched officers, like Brown University and Evergreen High School, averaged a three-minute and 10-second response time.

Current Student Former Student 1 3

Three shooters in this location category died by suicide, two at the scene and one at another location. The FSU attacker was shot by law enforcement and apprehended.

Handgun | 4 Shotgun | 1

Shooter ages ranged from 16 to 48 years old. Among the three shooters who were current students, two were under 18, and one was 20 years old. The 48 year old Brown University shooter was a former student. The overall average age was 25, but 18 among current students. |

In 2025, the education location category had higher average casualties per incident than other locations. No citizen interventions were reported. | Apprehended

Incidents: 3 | Casualties: 43 (6 killed, 37 wounded) | Mass Killings: 1

In 2025, there were three incidents in the house of worship location category, the fewest (9%) among all location categories.

However, house of worship attacks tripled, increasing from one in 2024 to three in 2025.

This category had an average fatality rate of 2.0, which was higher than the overall average of 1.5 per incident in 2025, representing 12% of all fatalities.

These attacks accounted for nearly 26% of total casualties, averaging 14.3 per incident, which was higher than the overall average of 4.9.

One of the incidents was a mass killing.

At CrossPointe Community Church in Michigan, the shooter began firing outside as service began but was killed by armed security after civilian intervention.

At The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Michigan, the shooter rammed his truck into the building, began shooting at congregants, set a fire, and continued shooting until law enforcement killed him.

In Minnesota at the Annunciation Roman Catholic Church, the attacker barricaded exit doors and fired from outside through windows during a back-to-school mass. He died by suicide before law enforcement arrived.

Both the Annunciation and CrossPointe shooters had ties to the attack locations, as former members or attendees.

This attack had the highest fatalities (4) in the category.

This attack had the highest casualties (30) in 2025.

All three church shootings involved rifles; however, the Annunciation Church shooter also used a handgun and shotgun.

Based on available data, he experienced at least one firearm malfunction and reloaded during the attack.

Two of the three incidents involved other weapons and devices.

The shooter at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints used his vehicle to initiate the attack and had improvised explosive devices (IED) while the Annunciation Church shooter had a smoke bomb.

Handgun | 1

Rifle 3

Two shootings involved intervention prior to law enforcement response.

During The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints incident, a congregant fired his personal weapon at the shooter but was wounded in return gunfire.

At CrossPointe Community Church, a congregant struck the shooter with his vehicle and armed church security personnel exchanged gunfire with the attacker, killing him.

Shotgun | 1

Suicide | 1

Law enforcement estimated that from the first shot fired to incident resolution, the Annunciation church attack lasted approximately two minutes, whereas the incident at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints lasted three minutes and 43 seconds.

The average law enforcement response, from dispatch to arrival on scene was two minutes and 59 seconds, with the shortest being one minute and 58 seconds at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Killed 2

All shooters in this category died at the scene.

Two were killed after civilian intervention—one by armed security at CrossPointe church and one by law enforcement at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

The Annunciation church shooter died by suicide before law enforcement arrived.

The age of shooters in this category ranged between 23 and 40 years old, the average was 31 years old.

While the shooter had a smoke bomb, this was not considered an improvised explosive device by law enforcement.

In 2025, civilians intervened in seven active shooter incidents. In more than one in five incidents (21%), members of the targeted population confronted the shooter, an increase compared to one in 24 incidents (4%) in 2024. In three incidents, civilians who intervened sustained injuries. | Civilian

Of the 34 attacks, civilians intervened in 50% at government locations, 67% at houses of worship, and 14% at commerce locations. However, civilian intervention was not reported in education or open space location | House of

In four attacks, they successfully disarmed and/or restrained the shooter, while in three, they used weapons to intervene.

At the Sky Meadow Country Club shooting, a civilian hit the shooter with a chair, disarming and causing him to flee.

At the KDC/One Warehouse shooting, civilians disarmed the shooter, forcing him from the scene.

In the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team Complex shooting, unarmed soldiers disarmed and restrained the suspect until military police arrived; and in the Jackson County Public Library incident, civilians overpowered the shooter during a shotgun malfunction.

Law enforcement apprehended the shooters at the scene in all cases except the KDC/One Warehouse incident, where officers captured the shooter the following day at a different location.

In three incidents, members of the targeted populations confronted the shooters using firearms or other weaponized objects.

At the Border Patrol Annex and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints shootings, civilians fired personal firearms at the shooters before law enforcement arrived.

At CrossPointe Community Church, a civilian used his vehicle to strike the shooter.

In all three incidents, the shooters were killed at the scene.

In most incidents involving civilian intervention, shooters used a single firearm. Three shooters used a handgun, two used a rifle, and one used a shotgun.

At the Border Patrol Annex incident, the shooter fired a rifle and a handgun.

In 2025, on-site security personnel intervened in three active shooter incidents, up from one in 2024. During one intervention, a security team member was injured. |

Two of the incidents took place at commercial locations, while the third occurred at a house of worship.

At Southern Hens Inc., a security guard shot and killed the attacker.

At CrossPointe Community Church, a parishioner struck the shooter with a vehicle before security team members engaged and killed the attacker at the scene. One security team member sustained injuries during the incident.

At Grand Sierra Resort, security personnel engaged the shooter and exchanged gunfire as the shooter fled through the parking area. Following an additional exchange of gunfire with responding officers, the attacker was shot, apprehended, and died from his injuries three days later.

Commerce | 2

House of Worship | 1

Shooters) In the three incidents where security personnel intervened, shooters used a single firearm.

Rifles were used at Southern Hens Inc. and CrossPointe Community Church, while the shooter at Grand Sierra Resort used a handgun.

Of the 34 incidents, officers intervened in 13 attacks while the shooter was still targeting victims, and in five of those attacks, law enforcement exchanged gunfire with the shooter.

All 13 incidents were resolved by law enforcement killing or apprehending the shooter on scene, or the shooter dying by suicide after officers intervened.

In the remaining 21 incidents, the attack ended prior to law enforcement’s arrival because the shooter was stopped by security or civilians, fled the scene, or died by suicide.

In 2025, law enforcement exchanged gunfire in five active shooter incidents that took place in government (3), open space (1), and commerce (1) location categories.

These exchanges resulted in three law enforcement injures and in every incident, at least two officers engaged the shooter.

In two incidents where gunfire was exchanged, officers sustained injuries during the exchange. At the Border Patrol Annex, law enforcement killed the attacker and two officers were wounded. At the Grand Sierra Resort, officers killed the shooter and one officer was wounded. | Open Space

In two of the five incidents, multiple firearms were used.

The CDC shooter fired three handguns, two rifles, and a shotgun; the SCSO shooter used two handguns, a shotgun, and a rifle; and the Border Patrol Annex shooter fired both a rifle and a handgun.

At the Grand Sierra Resort attack, the shooter used a single handgun, and at the Canfield Mountain attack, the shooter used a single shotgun.

While the shooters’ final outcomes differed, all died from gunfire, either by law enforcement action or suicide.

Of the five incidents involving gunfire exchanges with law enforcement, two shooters died by suicide.

At the incident at Canfield Mountain in Idaho, the shooter died by suicide

At the SCSO incident in Idaho, an officer was wounded prior to the exchange.

Additionally, in the incident at the CDC in Georgia, an officer was killed prior to the exchange.

The shooter at the CDC died by suicide after he killed a law enforcement officer.

In the Border Patrol Annex, Grand Sierra Resort, and SCSO incidents, officers killed the shooters during the exchange.

Throughout 2025, law enforcement officers directly ended 13 attacks while shooters actively targeted innocent victims.

In several attacks, officers exchanged gunfire with the shooters to protect the public, sacrificing their own lives and safety in the process.

Killed by LE at the scene Suicide at the scene after LE arrived 2 3

The shooter at the Grand Sierra Resort attack was shot and apprehended but died at a hospital three days later.

In 2025, there were 34 active shooter incidents, each involving a male suspect who acted alone.

A significant portion of these shooters (23), nearly 68%, exhibited predatory behaviors, indicating they had intentionally planned and prepared to carry out their acts of violence.

Shooters were between 16 and 77 years old.Eighteen shooters (53%) were in the 25 to 34 year old age group.

The average age of the shooters has gradually decreased in recent years.

Fifteen shooters (44%) had some connection to the location or victims.

Seven of them were identified as insider threats based on their status as students or employees at the time of the attack. These incidents occurred in commerce (three), education (three), and government (one) location categories.

The remaining eight shooters with connections were not considered insider threats. These incidents occurred in commerce (four), houses of worship (two), education (one), and open space (one).

Three of the 34 shooters (9%) fired at victims at multiple locations. One attack occurred on multiple roadways, another took place along a busy highway,and the third occurred on a highway before the shooter continued on to a gas station. |

Thirty-four shooters used 49 firearms comprised of handguns, rifles, and shotguns.

A single firearm was used in 26 incidents: | Government | 35 Handgun (14 incidents) | Open Space | 28 Rifle (nine incidents) | Commerce | 30 Shotgun (three incidents) | Average Age: 30

In 2025 the average age was 30 compared to 33 in 2024.

Multiple firearms were used in eight incidents:

Two handguns (one incident);

Connection (15) | No Connection (19)

A handgun and a rifle (three incidents); A handgun and a shotgun (one incident);

A handgun, a rifle, and a shotgun (one incident);

44% | 56%

Two handguns, a rifle, and a shotgun (one incident);

Three handguns, two rifles, and a shotgun (one incident)

Shootings involving a single handgun averaged 4.4 casualties per incident, a single rifle averaged 5.0, and a single shotgun averaged 1.3.

Attacks using multiple firearms averaged 7.0 casualties per incident.

Insider (7) | Non-Insider (27)

Handgun (14 incidents) | Rifle (9 incidents) | Shotgun (3 incidents)

Handgun | 26

Rifle | 16

Shotgun 7

Shooters apprehended (16) At the scene (eight) At another location (eight)

Shooters died by suicide (10) At the scene (eight) At another location (two)

Shooters killed by law enforcement (five)

Shooters killed by security (two)

Shooter fled and remains at large (one)

Among shooters who died by suicide, 90% were 30 years old or younger.

Notably, both attackers under the age of 18 died by suicide.

The Behavioral Analysis Unit-1 (BAU-1) is one of four operational BAU units in the FBI’s Critical Incident Response Group.

In 2025, 68% of all shooters (23) exhibited predatory behavior, resulting in 76% of all casualties (37 killed and 89 wounded).

The average number of casualties per incident was 5.5, which was higher than the overall average of 4.9.

Furthermore, 88% of all law enforcement casualties and 100% of all security personnel casualties occurred in incidents where shooters exhibited predatory behavior.

Wounded | 84

Killed | 33

All attackers who died by suicide in 2025 exhibited predatory behaviors. | 3

Suicide | 10

Apprehended | 8

Killed | 5

From 2021 through 2025, the FBI identified 217 active shooter incidents nationwide.

The total number of casualties was 1,072.

STATE: Active shooter incidents from 2021 through 2025 occurred across 46 states and the District of Columbia with the most occurring in Texas (25).

MONTH: June had the highest number of incidents (29).

MULTIPLE SHOOTERS: Two incidents had multiple shooters.

GENDER: Of the 219 shooters, 212 were male, six were female, and one is unknown.

DAY: Active shooter incidents occurred every day of the week with the most occurring on Monday (40).

CATEGORIES: Attacks occurred all in seven location categories:

AGE: Shooters were between 12 and 77 years old.

FIREARMS: Across all attacks, 276 firearms were used: 168 handguns (61%), 80 rifles (29%) and 18 shotguns (7%); 10 firearms were unknown (4%).

41% - Open Space (89) • 36% - Commerce (78) • 8% - Education (17) • 6% - Government (14) • 4% - Residence (8) • 3% - House of worship (7) • 2% - Health Care (4)

ARMOR: Twelve shooters wore body armor.

RESOLUTION: Of the 219 shooters, 120 were apprehended by law enforcement (55%), 43 died by suicide (20%), and 51 were killed by law enforcement, security personnel, or civilians (23%). At the time of publication, four shooters remain at large (2%). One died in a vehicle crash.

KILLED AND WOUNDED: Among the 1,072 casualties, 382 were killed and 690 were wounded.

HIGHEST CASUALTY: The incident with the highest number of casualties (55) involved seven killed and 48 wounded occurred on July 4, 2022 in Highland Park, Illinois.

NO CASUALTIES: Twenty incidents did not have any casualties.

MASS KILLING INCIDENTS: Fifty incidents were classified as mass killings.

LAW ENFORCEMENT: Nine law enforcement officers were killed and 48 were wounded.

217 INCIDENTS | 1,072 CASUALTIES | 219 SHOOTERS | 50 MASS KILLINGS (including D.C.)

SHOOTER GENDERS | FIREARMS Handgun | 168 212 | 6 | 1 | Rifle | 80 Male | Female | Unknown | Shotgun | 18 Unknown | 10

SHOOTER RESOLUTIONS | TOTAL WOUNDED | 690 Apprehended | 120 | Civilian | 634 Suicide | 43 | Law Enforcement Security | 48 8

Killed by Law Enforcement | 43 Killed by Citizen | 6 | TOTAL KILLED | 382 At Large | 4 | Civilian | 368 Killed by Security | 2 | Law Enforcement | 9 Other | 1 | Security | 5

Total Incidents | 34 | 24 | 48 | 50 | 61

166 | 106 | 244 | 313 | 243 Casualties (Excluding Shooters) | 51 killed 115 wounded | 23 killed 83 wounded | 105 killed 139 wounded | 100 killed 213 wounded | 103 killed 140 wounded

Met “Mass Killing” Definition | 7 | 3 | 15 | 13 | 12