Understanding the motivations behind an individual’s decision to commit an act of violence is a complex and dynamic process that goes beyond simply determining whether a person has a diagnosed mental health disorder.
Research conducted by BAU-1 on targeted violence and terrorism reveals that approximately 25% of offenders who engage in targeted violence—whether driven by ideological motives or not—have a diagnosable mental illness.
This closely aligns with the prevalence of mental illness within the general population.
For behaviors to be aware of, and/or who to contact for help, please visit www.FBI.gov/prevent.
BAU-1’s research has not established a causal link between mental illness and acts of targeted violence or terrorism.
While mental illness itself is not a direct cause of such violence, it can serve as a risk factor when vulnerabilities lead to problematic behaviors or impaired judgment.
Additionally, other psychological disorders—like personality disorders, substance use or abuse, and adjustment disorders stemming from environmental stressors—can affect an individual’s mental wellness and resilience.
The data presented in this report offers a preliminary categorization of incidents based on information available prior to the publication of this report. It is important to note that this does not represent a comprehensive analysis of the shooter’s behavior leading up to the attack.
These classifications rely on reported behaviors suggesting the perpetrator likely engaged in planning and preparation for the act, and can be revised if further information becomes available.
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