Survey asked principals which people were BTAM team members from a list of ten roles
Our survey asked principals to indicate which people were members of their BTAM team based on a list of ten different types of roles.
63 claims on pp. 41–121 (fact 57, statement 2, conjecture 3, definition 1).
Our survey asked principals to indicate which people were members of their BTAM team based on a list of ten different types of roles.
As shown in Figure 5.1, principals indicated that a variety of school- or district-based individuals (and outside individuals) from administrators to mental health providers are part of these
Why inferred The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 41 part and the sentence continues on page 42. Full sentence (pages 41–42): “As shown in Figure 5.1, principals indicated that a variety of school- or district-based individuals (and outside individuals) from administrators to mental health providers are part of these teams.”
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Principal | 84 | | 84
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Other school administrators | 69 | | 69
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
District administrators | 36 | | 36
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with a school- or district-level BTAM team answering the Figure 5.1 team-membership question
School-based law enforcement | 45 | 7 | 53
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Non-school-based law enforcement | | 13 | 13
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with a school- or district-level BTAM team answering the Figure 5.1 team-membership question
Counselor | 82 | 3 | 84
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with a school- or district-level BTAM team answering the Figure 5.1 team-membership question
Social worker | 44 | 6 | 50
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with a school- or district-level BTAM team answering the Figure 5.1 team-membership question
Psychologist | 43 | 6 | 49
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Instructional staff | 45 | | 45
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Special education specialist | 43 | | 43
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
By far, the two most common members were principals and counselors (both 84 percent).
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
However, majorities of school BTAM teams also included other school administrators (69 percent), school-based law enforcement (53 percent), and social workers (50 percent).
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Other individuals were also commonly included on BTAM teams, such as school psychologists (49 percent), instructional staff (45 percent), and special education specialists (43 percent).
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
District administrators were included on BTAM teams at 36 percent of schools, and 13 percent of schools included non-school-based law enforcement on their teams.
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
For example, 49 percent of schools had a psychologist on their BTAM teams.
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
The majority of schools with a psychologist on their teams indicated they had a psychologist on staff at school either full time or part time (43 percent of schools overall)
Sample (N = 1408) · Schools with an official BTAM team (82 percent of sample)
Only 6 percent of schools noted that they had a psychologist on their BTAM teams but not on staff at their schools
Principals’ reports suggest that they and their school counselors are the most commonly represented roles on school BTAM teams.
likely to be involved in even the smallest BTAM teams and are regular members of virtually all BTAM teams with more than four or five members.
Why inferred The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 45 part and the sentence begins on page 43. Full sentence (pages 43–45): “Principals and counselors are highly likely to be involved in even the smallest BTAM teams and are regular members of virtually all BTAM teams with more than four or five members.” Page 44 holds a callout and Table 5.1; the paragraph resumes on page 45.
Other school-level administrators, such as assistant principals, are not typically involved in very small BTAM teams but appear to be the first member added as team size increases.
When teams have five or more members, personnel in more specialized roles (e.g., special education professionals, school-based law enforcement, school social workers, instructional staff, or school psychologists) are next to be added to BTAM teams.
These personnel are rarely present on small teams but are typically all present once teams have more than five or six members.
Principals’ responses suggest that these personnel are not added to teams in any obvious order.
Meanwhile, district administrators only tend to be involved in especially large teams; even among schools with larger BTAM teams, these personnel are only present about half of the time.
Unsurprisingly, district administrators are disproportionately present on district-level BTAM teams and do not tend to be involved in teams that exist only at the school level.
Counselor | | | [unlabeled] | [unlabeled] | [unlabeled] | [unlabeled] | [unlabeled] | [unlabeled]
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
The vast majority of respondents (82 percent) selected two roles, while 14 percent selected only one.
Specifically, we asked those principals who included either school-based or non-school-based law enforcement on their school’s BTAM team what role these individuals played on the team.
We first examined how many principals responded that law enforcement personnel play the following role(s) on their school BTAM teams:
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
help with decisions about when safety- and security-related actions are necessary (e.g., searching student belongings, implementing schoolwide lock down) (64 percent)
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
provide a public safety perspective about school dynamics and student behavior to help assess and manage behavioral concerns (58 percent)
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
participate to initiate public safety responses when necessary (e.g., arrest or other criminal justice intervention) (33 percent)
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
consult on the potential legal repercussions of student behavior (19 percent)
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
provide information from police and court records so the team can understand past student behavior (18 percent).
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Two responsibilities were clearly predominant: helping with security-related decisions (64 percent) and providing a public safety perspective to the BTAM process (58 percent).
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Forty-two percent of schools said their law enforcement personnel only performed one or both of these actions.
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Another 46 percent of schools said their law enforcement personnel performed at least one of these roles on their BTAM team but also identified law enforcement as performing one of the less common roles: initiating public safety responses, consulting on legal repercussions, or providing information from police or court records.
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Only a small minority of schools (12 percent) responded that they included law enforcement on their BTAM team exclusively to perform at least one of these previous three functions.
Rather, the specific activities and responsibilities that principals see as most important for the law enforcement members of their BTAM team suggest they view them primarily as sources of expertise (see, e.g., McKenna and White, 2018).
Sample (N = 854) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
with survey responses that examined the role of law enforcement officers who were members of BTAM teams discussed previously, in which only 18 percent indicated that providing information from police and court records was one of the officer-member’s two most important roles.
Why inferred The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 61 part and the sentence begins on page 60. Full sentence (pages 60–61): “Note that this finding is consistent with survey responses that examined the role of law enforcement officers who were members of BTAM teams discussed previously, in which only 18 percent indicated that providing information from police and court records was one of the officer-member’s two most important roles.”
Sample (N = 1380) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Our BTAM team members recommend elements to add to each intervention plan based on their professional expertise and services from their discipline (e.g., a counselor identifies the types of counseling that should be included in the plan) (33 percent).
cite page 62 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Sample (N = 1380) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
The most common approach or option, selected by one-third of respondents, was that BTAM teams rely on their members to “bring intervention options from their individual professional disciplines to the table” during intervention planning.
cite page 63 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
You (school leader) | 84.5 | 84.0
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
District administrators | 33.6 | 36.4
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Other school administrators besides you (for example, assistant principal, other senior administrator) | 66.7 | 68.7
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
School-based law enforcement (for example, school resource officer) | 47.6 | 52.6
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Non-school-based law enforcement (for example, police officer from local department who is not regularly in the school) | 12.5 | 13.3
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Psychologist, whether school-based or external | 46.8 | 48.5
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Counselor, whether school-based or external | 82.4 | 84.2
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Social worker, whether school-based or external | 48.2 | 50.2
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
General instructional staff (for example, teacher) | 47.5 | 45.2
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Special education specialist | 44.4 | 42.5
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Other (please specify) | 13.7 | 13.6
Sample (N = 1646 | 1408 by column) · Table A.21 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
None of these personnel are members | 0.4 | 0.2
N | 1,646 | 1,408 |
Sample (N = 914 | 854 by column) · Table A.22 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Law enforcement provides a public safety perspective about school dynamics and student behavior to help assess and manage behavioral concerns | 57.8 | 57.5
Sample (N = 914 | 854 by column) · Table A.22 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Law enforcement provides information from police and court records so the team can understand past student behavior | 17.5 | 17.5
Sample (N = 914 | 854 by column) · Table A.22 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Law enforcement helps with decisions about when safety- and security-related actions are necessary (e.g., searching student belongings, implementing schoolwide lock down) | 64.3 | 64.3
Sample (N = 914 | 854 by column) · Table A.22 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Law enforcement consults on the potential legal repercussions of student behavior | 18.9 | 18.8
Sample (N = 914 | 854 by column) · Table A.22 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Law enforcement participates to initiate public safety responses when necessary (e.g., arrest or other criminal justice intervention) | 32.4 | 33.2
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