19 claims on pp. 67–132 (fact 15, statement 1, conjecture 3).
Many interventions that BTAM teams could recommend for students assessed as being at risk of harming themselves or others cost money to provide.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
For example, mental health counseling through a private provider has a cost, and how much a family might have to pay to access such services will be determined by whether they have financial means or relevant medical insurance coverage.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Presumably, the cost of an intervention will influence the likelihood of a student receiving that intervention, especially if borne by the student and the student’s family, and could be an insurmountable barrier for some families.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
If services are provided at no cost through the school or other community sources, student uptake may be higher, increasing the likelihood that intervention efforts will successfully meet their needs and school safety goals.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
We asked whether schools provide four different types of services at no cost to students’ families either inside school or outside school through an external service provider: skill-building services, mental health counseling or care, substance use treatment, and family support and intervention programming.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
We specifically selected these four intervention options because they often require licensed clinicians, therapists, or other professionals, and are more likely to be offered outside school, relative to such options as peer mentoring programs or extra academic support.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
As shown in Figure 9.1 mental health counseling or care is the most frequently used intervention in the broader list of intervention options and also potentially one of the higher-cost intervention options recommended by a BTAM team.
cite page 67 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Sample (N = 1374) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
mental health counseling or care to students free of charge, either at school or by placing the student in an outside program.
Why inferred The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 68 part and the sentence begins on page 67. Full sentence (pages 67–68): “Three-quarters of principals indicated that their schools’ BTAM program provides mental health counseling or care to students free of charge, either at school or by placing the student in an outside program.”
cite page 68 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Sample (N = 1374) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Additionally, 70 percent of schools provided skill-building services free of charge to students referred to BTAM, and 58 percent provided free family support and intervention programming (also either at schools or by placing the student in an outside program).
cite page 68 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Sample (N = 1374) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Meanwhile, only 37 percent of schools provided free substance use treatment to students referred to BTAM; note that schools reported using this intervention option infrequently (as shown in Figure 9.1).
cite page 68 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Relative to other intervention options, substance use treatment is also likely especially costly for students and their families (see, e.g., NIDA, 2024).
cite page 68 Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans?
Sample (N = 1601 | 1374 by column) · Table A.41 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Skill-building services or programs (e.g., social skills or life-skills programming, leadership development) | 70.2 | 70.0
Sample (N = 1601 | 1374 by column) · Table A.41 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Substance use treatment | 34.9 | 36.6
Sample (N = 1601 | 1374 by column) · Table A.41 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
Family support and intervention programming | 57.1 | 57.9
Sample (N = 1601 | 1374 by column) · Table A.41 columns: Official BTAM teams and other school-based teams | Official BTAM teams only
N/A; When these services are recommended by the BTAM team, the student’s family must pay the costs or be reimbursed through their own insurance coverage | 13.2 | 13.1
Respondents were instructed to select all that apply.
Only respondents who said their school has a school- or district-level BTAM team (or an alternative team that performs BTAM-like functions) saw this question.
Respondents only saw a response option if they indicated previously that this response option was used rarely, sometimes, or often.
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