The State of BTAM in K–12 Public Schools: Claim Map

Every claim from The State of Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management in K–12 Public Schools: Findings from a 2025 American School Leader Panel Survey (RAND Corporation, Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (RR-A3658-1), 2025), each linked to the highlighted passage on its source page.

• 2,560 claims
• 25 sections
• 107 concepts
• 163 source pages

Sections

1. Title and Copyright 9 claims · pp. 1–3

   Report pages 1–3: 9 claims on pp. 1–3 (fact 9).

2. About This Report 30 claims · pp. 4–5

   Report pages 4–5: 30 claims on pp. 4–5 (fact 23, statement 2, evidence 2, conjecture 1, definition 2).

3. Summary 68 claims · pp. 6–9

   Report pages 6–9: 68 claims on pp. 6–8 (fact 36, statement 8, evidence 3, conclusion 13, conjecture 7, definition 1).

4. Contents 0 claims · pp. 10–13

   Report pages 10–13: no claims.

5. Figures and Tables 0 claims · pp. 14–19

   Report pages 14–19: no claims.

6. Ch 1: Introduction 98 claims · pp. 20–25

   Report pages 20–25: 98 claims on pp. 20–25 (fact 26, statement 33, evidence 18, conclusion 2, conjecture 7, definition 12).

7. Ch 2: Which Schools Have Implemented BTAM? 108 claims · pp. 26–31

   Report pages 26–31: 108 claims on pp. 26–31 (fact 66, statement 25, evidence 7, conclusion 1, conjecture 7, definition 2).

8. Ch 3: When Did Schools Establish BTAM Teams? 82 claims · pp. 32–37

   Report pages 32–37: 82 claims on pp. 32–36 (fact 58, statement 11, conclusion 2, conjecture 9, definition 2).

9. Ch 4: What Is the Scope of Schools' BTAM Programs? 35 claims · pp. 38–39

   Report pages 38–39: 35 claims on pp. 38–39 (fact 18, statement 7, evidence 2, conclusion 1, conjecture 3, definition 4).

10. Ch 5: How Are Schools Operationalizing BTAM? 207 claims · pp. 40–51

    Report pages 40–51: 207 claims on pp. 40–50 (fact 143, statement 24, evidence 10, conclusion 10, conjecture 14, definition 6).

11. Ch 6: What BTAM Models Do Schools Use? 33 claims · pp. 52–53

    Report pages 52–53: 33 claims on pp. 52–53 (fact 26, statement 3, evidence 2, conclusion 1, definition 1).

12. Ch 7: Why Did Schools Adopt Specific BTAM Models? 52 claims · pp. 54–57

    Report pages 54–57: 52 claims on pp. 54–57 (fact 37, statement 7, conclusion 1, conjecture 7).

13. Ch 8: How Do BTAM Teams Assess Risk of Harm? 71 claims · pp. 58–61

    Report pages 58–61: 71 claims on pp. 58–61 (fact 41, statement 10, evidence 4, conclusion 1, conjecture 6, definition 9).

14. Ch 9: How Do BTAM Teams Develop Intervention Plans? 105 claims · pp. 62–69

    Report pages 62–69: 105 claims on pp. 62–68 (fact 66, statement 9, evidence 6, conclusion 6, conjecture 12, definition 6).

15. Ch 10: How Do BTAM Teams Monitor Intervention Plans? 54 claims · pp. 70–73

    Report pages 70–73: 54 claims on pp. 70–72 (fact 32, statement 7, evidence 1, conclusion 4, conjecture 6, definition 4).

16. Ch 11: How Are Schools Using BTAM to Respond to Student Behavior? 444 claims · pp. 74–93

    Report pages 74–93: 444 claims on pp. 74–92 (fact 290, statement 45, evidence 11, conclusion 11, conjecture 20, definition 67).

17. Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs? 90 claims · pp. 94–99

    Report pages 94–99: 90 claims on pp. 94–98 (fact 57, statement 5, evidence 3, conclusion 2, conjecture 7, definition 16).

18. Ch 13: Sustaining and Improving BTAM Programs over Time 147 claims · pp. 100–107

    Report pages 100–107: 147 claims on pp. 100–106 (fact 103, statement 4, evidence 4, conclusion 3, conjecture 12, definition 21).

19. Ch 14: Discussion and Implications 64 claims · pp. 108–111

    Report pages 108–111: 64 claims on pp. 108–110 (fact 33, statement 5, conclusion 14, conjecture 12).

20. Appendix A: Survey Frequencies 629 claims · pp. 112–145

    Report pages 112–145: 629 claims on pp. 112–144 (fact 626, statement 1, definition 2).

21. Appendix B: Survey Methods 143 claims · pp. 146–155

    Report pages 146–155: 143 claims on pp. 146–155 (fact 100, statement 19, evidence 1, conjecture 1, definition 22).

22. Abbreviations 17 claims · pp. 156–157

    Report pages 156–157: 17 claims on p. 156 (definition 17).

23. References 58 claims · pp. 158–161

    Report pages 158–161: 58 claims on pp. 158–160 (evidence 58).

24. About the Authors 9 claims · p. 162

    Report pages 162–162: 9 claims on p. 162 (fact 9).

25. Back Cover 7 claims · p. 163

    Report pages 163–163: 7 claims on p. 163 (fact 5, evidence 1, conclusion 1).

Concepts

Each concept page gathers every claim that mentions it, with the concepts it appears alongside.

• Survey Methodology 297
• Scenario Design 154
• Subgroup Differences 153
• Intervention Menu 145
• Methodology 138
• Scenario Severity Levels 135
• State Policy Mandates 117
• BTAM Adoption Prevalence 103
• Prior Research 103
• Sample 100
• Adoption Reasons 94
• Initial Decisionmaker 93
• Law Enforcement 89
• Exclusionary Discipline 79
• Team Composition 79
• Scope Severity Focus 76
• Monitoring 75
• BTAM Team 69
• Continuous Improvement 69
• External Teams 65
• Team Roles 63
• Response Restrictive 61
• Key Terms 60
• Intervention Count 58
• Early Implementation Challenges 57
• Named Models 57
• BTAM Program 54
• Limitations 54
• Adoption Timeline 53
• Current Challenges 53
• Intervention Planning 53
• Team Size 50
• Response Support Focused 47
• Information Gathering 43
• Intervention Tailoring 43
• Alternative Teams 41
• Effect School Safety 41
• Perceived Effects 41
• School Community Support 39
• Pre Implementation Planning 37
• District Level Team 36
• Funding 35
• Program Changes 35
• Weighting 35
• Parents Families 34
• Training Frequency 34
• Arrest Prosecution 33
• Mental Health 33
• BTAM Awareness 31
• Data And Records 31
• Leadership Turnover 30
• NTAC Guidance 30
• Effect School Climate 29
• Implications Recommendations 28
• Support Focused Interventions 27
• Assessment Process Types 26
• Standardization Gaps 26
• Effect Violence Suicide 25
• Time To Full Implementation 25
• Team Meetings 23
• Effect Exclusionary Discipline 22
• Implementation Fidelity 21
• Prevention 21
• Variability Of Approaches 21
• Intervention Tools 20
• Doing BTAM Right 19
• Free Mental Health Services 19
• Policy 18
• Threat Assessment Transparency 18
• Grade Level Scope 17
• Response Supportive Discipline 17
• SOPs Protocols 17
• American School Leader Panel 16
• Case Management Systems 16
• Sustainability 16
• Effect Student Staff Safety Feelings 15
• Outside Data Sources 15
• Monitoring Responsibility 14
• Response Notification 14
• Interviews 13
• Referral And Reporting 12
• Scenario Violence Fixation 12
• Locally Developed Models 11
• Response Rates 11
• Scenario Disruptive Behavior 10
• Service Provider Capacity 10
• Staffing Constraints 10
• Measurable Goals 9
• Risk Assessment 9
• Training Source 9
• Response Target Victim 8
• Scenario Physical Altercation 8
• Targeted Violence 8
• Parent Unwillingness 7
• Students With Disabilities 7
• Equity Disparities 6
• Community Partnerships 5
• Scenario Weapon Access 5
• Training Content 5
• No Defined Model 4
• Privacy Information Sharing 4
• State Models 4
• Scenario Explicit Threat 3
• Scenario Substance Use 3
• Training Recipients 2
• Cstag 1
• School Resource Officers 1

Browse by type

• Fact claims 1,804
• Statement claims 225
• Definition claims 194
• Evidence claims 133
• Conjecture claims 131
• Conclusion claims 73
• Inferred claims 22

Downloads

• claims.json Full dataset with absolute URLs
• claims.csv One row per claim: id, page, section, type, tag, title, quote, concepts, url, cite, license
• graph.json Nodes and links for the explorer
• llms.txt Plain-text guide for AI crawlers

<a href="https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-survey">The State of BTAM in K–12 Public Schools: Claim Map</a> (NCIER Claim Map, 2025)